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passage 1
P1
Complex societies flourished on the central plateau of southern Africa from the ninth through sixteenth centuries. █████ ████████ █████████ ████████ ██████ ██████████ ████ ███████████ ████████ ██████ █████ ██████ █████ █████ █████ ██ ██████████████ ██████████ █████ █████████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ █ ██████ ██████████ ███████ █████ ██████ █████ ███████ █████████ █████████ ████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████ ███ ███████████ ██ █████ ████████ ███████ ███████ ███████████ █████████ ██████ █████ ████ ██ ███████ ██████ ███████ ███ ████ ███████ █████ ████ ███████ ███████ ███████ ██ ████████ ████ ██████ ███
Intro to topic ·
Great Zimbabwe
Prosperous city-state, part of complex and stratified society
Other people's hypothesis ·
Prosperity was due to gold mining
Alternative hypothesis ·
Prosperity was due to agricultural system
P2
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Problem ·
Crop cultivation could not support large, permanently situated populations
Soil needed breaks between planting, no means of transporting or storing grain
Solution ·
Cattle farming
Evidence for Alt. Hypothesis ·
Cattle farming was complex
That complexity influenced Great Zimbabwe's social structure
P3
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Evidence for alt. hypothesis ·
Cattle farming gave ruling class extensive power
Evidence for alt. hypothesis ·
Cattle farming also supported gold mining industry
Not only was gold mining not the main driver of Great Zimbabwe's prosperity, but gold mining actually owed its success to cattle farming
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Phenomenon-hypothesis
3.
Based on the passage, the ████████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ ████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██████████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ███████
a
hunting and gathering
b
irrigation and a ████ ██ █ ██████
c
accounting and marketing
d
sports stadiums and ████████ ████████
e
individual stones and █ █████ ████