Self-study
P1
Complex societies flourished on the central plateau of southern Africa from the ninth through sixteenth centuries. █████ ████████ █████████ ████████ ██████ ██████████ ████ ███████████ ████████ ██████ █████ ██████ █████ █████ █████ ██ ██████████████ ██████████ █████ █████████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ █ ██████ ██████████ ███████ █████ ██████ █████ ███████ █████████ █████████ ████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████ ███ ███████████ ██ █████ ████████ ███████ ███████ ███████████ █████████ ██████ █████ ████ ██ ███████ ██████ ███████ ███ ████ ███████ █████ ████ ███████ ███████ ███████ ██ ████████ ████ ██████ ███
Intro to topic ·
Great Zimbabwe
Prosperous city-state, part of complex and stratified society
Other people's hypothesis ·
Prosperity was due to gold mining
Alternative hypothesis ·
Prosperity was due to agricultural system
P2
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Problem ·
Crop cultivation could not support large, permanently situated populations
Soil needed breaks between planting, no means of transporting or storing grain
Solution ·
Cattle farming
Evidence for Alt. Hypothesis ·
Cattle farming was complex
That complexity influenced Great Zimbabwe's social structure
P3
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Evidence for alt. hypothesis ·
Cattle farming gave ruling class extensive power
Evidence for alt. hypothesis ·
Cattle farming also supported gold mining industry
Not only was gold mining not the main driver of Great Zimbabwe's prosperity, but gold mining actually owed its success to cattle farming
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)
3.
Based on the passage, the ████████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ ████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██████████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ███████
a
hunting and gathering
Hunting doesn’t help gathering exist. So (A) isn’t analogous.
b
irrigation and a ████ ██ █ ██████
This is the most analogous. Irrigation helps a farm in a desert exist by providing the farm with water. Similarly, the cattle economy helped the Great Zimbabwe’s population be as large as it was by providing enough food.
c
accounting and marketing
Accounting doesn’t help marketing exist. So (B) isn’t analogous.
d
sports stadiums and ████████ ████████
Sports stadiums don’t help athletic contests exist. Athletic contests take place in sports stadiums, but they can also take place in many other areas.
e
individual stones and █ █████ ████
Individual stones don’t help a stone wall exist — rather, they make up the stone wall. A wall is made out of a collection of stones. But the Great Zimbabwe’s population isn’t made out of a collection of cattle.