PT157.S4.P2.Q11

PrepTest 157 - Section 4 - Passage 2 - Question 11

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Passage A.

P1

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Intro to Topic · Markets Good
Markets efficiently distill the collective wisdom; they require buy in; they reward being right.
P2

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Markets for Forecasting · Performs better than 75% of polls
The Iowa Electronic Markets can forecast election results. Buyers and sellers can trade on their bets of which candidate is more likely to win.
P3

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Markets are Efficient · Information spreads very quickly
Experiment that demonstrated how quickly "inside knowledge" can spread in the market via price as a signaling mechanism.

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P4

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Intro to Topic · Markets are not perfect
Sounds like a disagreement with Passage A's position...
P5

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Example · Iowa Electronic Markets
The Iowa Electronic Markets didn't get a recent election result right until a few days before the election.
P6

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Analogy · Markets are like racetracks
You make bets based on what you expect the payoff to be
P7

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What do "prediction markets" actually do? · Reflect majority opinion
They are not omniscient. They are a better version of polls that generates more serious responses.
Passage Style
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11.

The relationship between which one ██ ███ █████████ █████ ██ ███████ █████ ██ ████ ███ ██ ████████ ████ █████ ███████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ███████ ███████ █ ███ ███████ ██ █████████████

a

"The Future of ██████████ ███ ███████████ █████ █████ ███████

The first title doesn’t seem to argue in favor of anything; it’s just about computing. And the second title doesn’t critique computing; it critiques certain people (futurists).

9%
b

"Computer Models for ██████████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ██████████ ██ █████████ ████████

The first title is about computer models, but second title isn’t a critique of computer models; it just clarifies the degree of error for predictions in general. To be a good analogy, we’d want a title more like, “Shortcomings of Computer Models for Prediction Elections.”

22%
c

"The Pace of ████████ ███████████ ███ █████ █████████ ███ █ █████ ██████

The second title calls something into question. But passage B doesn’t just call the reliability of markets into question; it actively critiques those markets.

1%
d

"Computer Simulations of █████ ███████ ███ ████████ ███████████ ████ █████████

The second title argues in favor of the subject of the first title. This is the opposite of what passage B does; passage B critiques the subject of passage A.

1%
e

"Computers as Thinking █████████ ███ ██████████ █████ ██████ ████ ███████ █████████

The first title asserts that computers are thinking machines, similar to how passage A asserts that markets are reliable. And the second title critiques that view, saying that computers don’t think; they just run programs. This is similar to how passage B critiques the view in passage A, saying that markets don’t predict anything; they just reflect majority opinion.

67%

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