In economics, the term "speculative bubble" refers to a large upward move in an asset's price driven not by the asset's fundamentals—that is, by the earnings derivable from the asset—but rather by mere speculation that someone else will be willing to pay a higher price for it. ███ █████ ████████ ██ ████ ████████ ██ █ ████████ ███████ ██ ██████ ███ ██ █ ████ ██ ██████████ ████ ███ █████ ████ ████████ ██ █████ ███ ███ ████████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ██████ ███
Intro to Topic ·Speculative bubble
Speculation is when I buy a machine merely because I speculate that someone else is willing to pay more for the machine. If everyone thought like that, it would drive up the price of the machine. Contrast with buying a machine because I expect that the machine can produce goods that will earn a return on my investment.
Original high price of the bulb was rationale. The bulbs produced future generations of bulbs and hence produced a return on investment. It was not just speculation that someone else will be willing to pay even more for the bulb.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Phenomenon-hypothesis
22.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████████
Question Type
Main point
The author presents Garber’s criticism of Mackay’s view that the 17th century Dutch tulip market was an example of a speculative bubble. The author introduces the criticism in P1, explains Mackay’s view in P2, and explains Garber’s criticism in P3.
We don’t know that the author agrees with Garber. So we can’t say the author believes the Dutch tulip market is “mistakenly” believed to be an example of a speculative bubble. It’s also not clear that the belief the market is a speculative bubble is “widely” held.
b
Mackay did not ██████████ ██████ ███ ████████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ████ ████ ███ █████████ ███████████████████ █████ █████ ██████
There’s no support for this. The passage doesn’t suggest that Mackay had any thoughts or assessments of the potential earnings from Dutch tulip bulbs. Although Garber describes potential earnings, this doesn’t imply anything about Mackay’s views about those earnings. Also, the author doesn’t necessarily agree with Garber. She merely reports Garber’s views. So we have no reason to think the author would call Mackay wrong or inaccurate about something.
This isn’t supported, because if a decline is driven by the “asset’s fundamentals,” then it’s not necessarily a speculative bubble. Also, Garber argued that the tulip market was not necessarily a speculative bubble; (C) doesn’t capture this view.
This best captures the main point. Garber criticizes Mackay’s view that the Dutch tulip market was a speculative bubble. In P3, the author explains Garber’s reasoning.
(E) is supported by the passage at the end, but it’s not the main point. It’s part of the reasoning supporting Garber’s criticism of Mackay’s view. The main point is Garber’s criticism.
Difficulty
89% of people who answer get this correct
This is a moderately difficult question.
It is somewhat easier than other questions in this passage.
CURVE
Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right
25%137
145
75%153
Analysis
Main point
Critique or debate
Phenomenon-hypothesis
Science
Answer Popularity
PopularityAvg. score
a
7%
156
b
2%
155
c
2%
153
d
89%
163
e
1%
153
Question history
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