Self-study
People who need to reduce their intake of fat and to consume fewer calories often turn to fat substitutes, especially those with zero calories such as N5. ███ ███████ ████████ ████ ██ ██ ██ ██ ███ ██ ████ ███████ ████████ ███ ███ █████ ████████ ████ ██ ██████ ██████████ ████████ ███████ ████████ ██████████ ████ █████ ██████ █████ ████████ ████ ████ ███ ███ ████████████ ████ ███ █████ ███████ ██████ ██ ███ ███ ████████ █████████ █████ ██ █████ ███
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that N5 is of no use to people who need to reduce their fat and calorie intake. She supports this by saying that studies show that people who ate foods with N5 felt hungrier afterward and ended up eating more, making up for the calories saved by using N5.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author concludes that N5 is not useful for people who need to reduce fat and calorie intake based on evidence that it doesn’t help lower calorie intake. However, just because the subjects ate more calories doesn’t mean they ate more fat. N5 might still help reduce fat intake, even if it doesn’t lower calories. In this case, it could still be useful for people who need to reduce fat and calories.
9.
The reasoning in the argument ██ ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ███ ████████ █████ ██ ████████ ███ ███████████ ████
a
many foods cannot ██ ████████ ████ ██
Irrelevant— it doesn’t matter which foods can be prepared with N5 because this doesn’t affect the conclusion that N5 isn’t useful for people who need to reduce their fat and calories.
b
N5 has mild ███ ██████████ ████ ███████
Irrelevant— it doesn’t matter what side effects N5 causes. The author is only addressing whether or not it helps people who need to reduce their fat and calories. If anything, having unpleasant side effects would likely make N5 even less useful for these people.
c
not everyone who ████ █████ ████████ ████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██████
Irrelevant— the author is only addressing those people who do need to pay attention to fat and calorie intake. Whether some other people also eat N5 doesn’t matter.
d
people who know ██ ████████ ████ ████████ ████ ██ ███ ████ █████ ████████ ████ ██ ████ ██ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ████ ██ ██ ████████████
Whether people are aware that N5 is calorie-free doesn't change the fact that almost all people who ate it did not reduce their calorie intake in the long run. So (D) doesn't impact the author’s conclusion that N5 isn’t useful for people who need to reduce fat and calories.
e
the total fat ██████ ██ ██████ ███ ███ █████ ████████ ████ ██ █████ ██ ████████ ████ ██ █████ ███████ ██████ ████ ███
The author concludes that N5 isn’t useful for people who need to reduce calories and fat, simply because it doesn’t help people to reduce calories. But it’s possible that N5 does help people to reduce fat and so is still useful.