Self-paced
Late blight is a disease affecting tomato plants that causes blue-grey patches to appear on the leaves. ████████ █ ██████ ████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████ ██ ██ █████████ █████████ ███ ███ ████████ ██████████ ████ ██████ ████ ██ ██████ ██ █ ██████████ ██ ██████ ██ ███ █████████ ███████ ███████
Method of Reasoning
The argument identifies an effective treatment for a condition (applying copper treats late blight), and concludes that the condition must be caused by the absence of what the treatment provides (copper deficiency).
7.
The flawed nature of the ████████ ███ ██ ████ ███████████ ████████████ ██ ██████ █████ ██ ████████ ██████████ ██ █████ █████ ████
a
since radiation therapy ███ ██ ██ █████████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ████ ██████ █████ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ████████ █████ ████ █████ ██ ██████
(A) would be right if it concluded "cancer must be caused by a deficiency of radiation." That version is actually my favorite for highlighting the flaw because it's so ludicrous.
But (A) doesn't say that, it says "more radiation will be more effective," which just doesnt' match our stimulus' conclusion.
b
since scurvy is ██████ ██ █ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██ ██ ███████ ████ ███████ █ ██ ██ █████████ █████████ ███ ██████
(B) swaps the stimulus' premise and conclusion. See since and it follows that as premise and conclusion indicators.
c
since malnutrition can █████ ██████ █████████ ██ ███████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ███ ████ ███ █████████ ███ ████ ██
Among other things, (C) swaps the stimulus' premise and conclusion. It features a premise about what causes the problem (malnutrition causes health problems, and a conclusion about the solution to the problem (eat a lot, get healthy).
d
since paracetamol is █████████ ██ ████████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ████ █████████ ███ ██████ ██ █ ████ ██ ███████████ ██ ███ ███████████
(D) mirrors the stimulus. It identifies an effective treatment for a condition (paracemetol treats headaches), and concludes that the condition must be caused by the absence of what the treatment provides (lack of paracemetol).
e
since calcium deficiency ██ █████ █████ ██████ █████ █████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ ████ █████ █████ ███████ ██ █████ ████ ███ ████ ██ ███████ ████ ███ ███████ ██████ ████ █████ █████
(E) should die when it starts with a premise (instead of a conclusion) about what causes a problem (calcium deficiency causes brown spots).