I really just don't like this question and its answers. I think (A) has a lot more merit than it seems to be given. For one, determinism and predestination, in my mind, are nearly inextricably linked. This much more accurately encapsulates "technological determinism" than simply saying that "cultures are shaped in fundamental ways." Determinism implies that things occur in predetermined ways, which seems to be exactly the point of "using a camera makes one unwittingly Western" as well as her contention that Weiner essentially thinks that any time you use Western technology it Westernizes a society.

I get that "exchanged" can be up for debate, but is this not technological exchange from West to non-West, and does "exchange" really not encapsulate its effects? If not, then that seems to be way overly semantic and makes me honestly question any other common understanding of a word. I understand why (E) is correct, but it feels like (A) better captures what the concept of "determinism" actually means while also placing it in context.

Open to hearing others' views though.

Bruh I hate it when my ADHD brain just refuses to read an answer in full and then I choose an answer I know is not right because I've eliminated an answer I haven't even read.

C is so obvious I honestly overlooked the fact that companies buy things because it makes fiscal sense to do so; gosh darn it

I know Q19 was kind of skipped in the Passage A explanation (though suggested we go at it ourselves), but I think it would have been helpful to have done it anyways on the video. B) is especially difficult because it's easy to forget parts and assumptions of Passage A after reading and answering all the questions concerning Passage B. If we had already eliminated that answer, this question is a piece of cake.