Im trying to do these questions and they make zero sense to me, I cannot wrap my head around how you go about solving them. Ive also been doing the core curriculum with the explanation videos and I still can not comprehend, when explained the right answer choice makes sense but it does not make sense when I go to do it by myself.

Im having a hard time figuring out how you are suppose to come to the correct answer choice, it seems I just can not comprehend how to do these types of questions... please help lol

Can somebody explain (a) how to find the right answer choice for these questions and (b) dumb down how to do these questions, struggling heavily with getting the right answer choice