I picked answer choice A and I am finding it difficult to understand the idea of how proven to be true is different from proven to be true by observation. I thought that, since anything that can be proven to be true can be proven to be true through observation, proven to be true is a necessary condition of proven to be true through observation-- which is a sufficient condition? Could someone help me figure out what the flaw in my thinking pattern here is.

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I'm interested! Please include me