PT110.S1.P1.Q3

PrepTest 110 - Section 1 - Passage 1 - Question 3

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P1

Most authoritarian rulers who undertake democratic reforms do so not out of any intrinsic commitment or conversion to democratic ideals, but rather because they foresee or recognize that certain changes and mobilizations in civil society make it impossible for them to hold on indefinitely to absolute power.

Intro topic / explanation · Most authoritarian rulers who allow democratic reforms feel threat to their own power
Their power is threatened by changes in civil society. Has nothing to do with their own belief in democratic ideals.
P2

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three major types of societal change · We're about to get three changes that lead to democratic reform
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Change 1 · Values and norms change, making people want freedom
Example: Some Latin-American countries in 70s and 80s. Desire for freedom leads to people protesting and organizing.
P3

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Change 2 · Economic interests of privileged people change
When privileged people believe the authoritarian regime is harmful to their interests, they won't support the regime anymore. Example: Philippines.
P4

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Change 3 · More resources, autonomy, and self-confidence in other parts of society
Example: students, lawyers and workers do things that are disruptive to society. Information channels pop up outside of the government's control. This makes it more difficult for the regime to control its citizens.
P5

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Causal chain · Authoritarian rule causes the three changes, which causes democratic reform
A successful authoritarian regime can lead to economic growth and stability, which leads to people reflecting on their own society, which is the impetus for the three changes described earlier.
Passage Style
Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)
Single position
Show answer
3.

Which one of the following ██████ ████ ██████████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ████████

a

"Avenues for Change: ███ ████ ███ ███████ ██ █████████████ ████████

The author isn’t making a case for dissenting against authoritarian regimes, nor is she recommending “avenues for change.” She argues that regimes do cause certain social changes, like citizens protesting and organizing for democracy. But she isn’t making a case for how citizens should respond to authoritarianism.

5%
b

"Human Rights Abuses █████ █████████████ ████████ █ ████ ██████

The passage isn’t a case study of human rights abuses under authoritarian regimes. P2 says that people often speak out about human rights abuses under authoritarian regimes, but this doesn’t describe the point of the passage. The passage is about why authoritarian rulers institute democratic reforms.

0%
c

"Democratic Coalitions under █████████████ ████████ ██████████ ███ ██████████

The author isn’t recommending any strategies or solutions for democratic coalitions. She says that authoritarian regimes bring about social changes, including citizens organizing for democracy, but she never argues for any particular strategies or solutions.

1%
d

"Why Authoritarian Regimes ███████████ ██ ███████████ ██ ████████ ███████

This provides a general summary of the author’s main point. She explains why authoritarian regimes compromise— that is, why they institute democratic reforms— by examining the societal forces and social changes that necessitate these reforms.

93%
e

"Growing Pains: Economic ███████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ██████████

The author says that authoritarian regimes bring about certain economic changes that are “an important turning point in the transition to democracy.” But she never says that these changes cause economic instability. Instead, she says that they force rulers to institute democratic reforms.

0%

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