PT116.S4.P4.Q23

PrepTest 116 - Section 4 - Passage 4 - Question 23

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P1

Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. ███████ ██ ████ ███████████ █████ ██████████ ████ ██████ ████████████ ███ ███████ ██ ████ ██ ████████ ████ █████ █████ ██ █████████ ██████████ ███

Most scientists' view · No meaningful distinction between wine and other alcoholic beverages
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Phenomenon · Health benefits of wine
Obscured by most scientists
P2

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Wine researchers' view · Most scientists' assumption may be flawed
Wine may have other active ingredients besides alcohol
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Elaborate on phenomenon · Alcohol is bad for health, yet wine is linked to health benefits
Alcohol contributes to premature hearth disease by increasing lipid levels in the blood, yet wine lowers the occurence of such disease
P3

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Hypothesis · Wine is linked to specific biochemical mechanisms that reduce risk of heart disease
Moderate wine consumption is correlated with (1) breaking down blood clots, (2) preventing damage from high lipid levels, (3) decreased thickness of innermost walls of blood vessels, and (4) reduced platelet adhesiveness, all of which protect against heart disease
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clarify hypothesis · Wine's benefits are due to compounds found in grapes
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)
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23.

Which one of the following, ██ █████ █████ ████ ██████████ ███ █████████ ████████ ██████████ ███ ██████████ █████████ ███████ ██ ████████ ████ ████████████

a

Subjects who consumed █████ ███████ ██ █████ █████ █████████ █████████ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ █████ ██ █████ █████ ████████

We are given two factors that impact the risk of premature heart disease: endothelial cell reactivity and platelet adhesiveness. We see that grape juice has a positive effect on one of these factors (platelet adhesiveness). If grape juice had a positive effect on the other factor (endothelial cell reactivity), then this would strengthen the author’s position that the healthful effects of wine may be a result of natural compounds found in grapes.

83%
b

Subjects who were ████████ ████████ ██ ████ ███ ████████ ███ ████ ████████ ████████ ██ ████ █████████ ███████ █████ ██████ ██ █████ █████████████

The author’s argument about the healthful effects of wine depends on differentiating wine from other forms of alcohol, because the author claims that the benefits of wine may come from compounds found in grapes (and that these compounds wouldn’t be present in other forms of alcohol). Because of this, information that shows wine and beer having similar impacts does not strengthen the author’s position.

Additionally, according to the passage, a benefit of wine comes from the fact that wine may help prevent damage from high lipid levels. The information that wine and beer drinkers have similar lipid levels certainly doesn’t strengthen the author’s argument.

2%
c

Subjects who drank █████ █████ █████████ ███████ ████████ ████████████ ████ ███ ████████ ███ █████ ██ █████ ██████

According to P3, individuals who drink lots of grape juice have a decrease in platelet adhesiveness. The author uses this finding to support the position that the benefits of wine may come from grapes. By suggesting that grape juice is actually correlated with higher platelet adhesiveness, (C) contradicts the finding from P3 (and actually relates grape juice with a risk factor for premature heart disease), so (C) would not strengthen the author’s position.

11%
d

Subjects who drank █████████ ███████ ██ ████ ████████ ████ █████████ █████ ███████ ██ ███████ ███ ████ ████ ██ ████████ ████ █████████

The question is whether moderate wine consumption is beneficial compared to no wine consumption; the passage is not concerned with comparing moderate and excessive wine consumption, so this wouldn’t strengthen the author’s position.

4%
e

Subjects who possess █ ███████ █████████████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ██ ████ █ ███████ ████ ████ ██ ██████ ████ ████████ ███ ██ ███ ███████ ███ █████████

The author’s position is that wine consumption has healthful effects that may come from grapes; this information about genetic differences does not impact the author’s argument about the effects of wine consumption.

1%

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