Self-paced
P1
A number of natural disasters in recent years—such as earthquakes, major storms, and floods—that have affected large populations of people have forced relief agencies, communities, and entire nations to reevaluate the ways in which they respond in the aftermaths of such disasters. ███
Intro to Topic ·
Problematic disaster relief response
Critics: Problem ·
Traditional disaster relief is ineffective and sometimes destructive
Traditional Disaster Relief ·
Aid is given as soon as possible with high priority on quantity of aid
The belief is that a large and rapid infusion of aid is good.
P2
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Critics: Problem ·
Traditional relief itself is a problem
The large and rapid infusion of aid (personnel and materials) cannot be effectively absorbed by the disaster stricken community. Where are we going to house all these people? Where are we going to store all this stuff? Remember, our infrastructure is already strained by the natural disaster. Now it's under more pressure from this secondary "disaster" of too much people and stuff.
P3
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Critics: Alternative Solution ·
Focus on long term
Prepare the disaster-prone communities by having them tell you what they need long, long before disaster strikes. That way, when disaster strikes, you'll be ready to send in the appropriate kind of aid.
P4
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Author: Evaluation of Alternative Solution ·
Success depends on donors
Donors are crucial to success in the immediate aftermath of disaster but also in the long run. It's important that they too engage in dialogue with the communities.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
3.
The author of the passage █████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████
a
Disaster relief plans ███ ███████████ ████ ███ ██████████████ ████████████
Unsupported. The author believes that disaster relief plans are appropriate for disaster-prone communities. But there is no support for the claim that it should be limited to only those communities.
b
When communities affected ██ █████████ ████ ███████████ █████ █████████ ██████ ██████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████████ ██ █████ ██████
Unsupported. It’s not clear what happens when communities affected by disasters have articulated their long-term needs. The author is arguing for donors and relief agencies to listen to communities’ articulations of their long-term needs.
c
Donors would likely ███████ ████ ████████ ██████ ███ ██ ████ ███ ██████████ ████ ██ █████ ██ ████ ████ ███████████ ████ ███ █████████ ███
Unsupported. There is no evidence that donors believe that their aid is being wasted.
d
It is not ███ ██████ ██ ███ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ████ ███ ██ ███████ ████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ████████ ██ ████████ ███████
Weak agreement. We can reasonably interpret the author’s position to mean that the quantity of aid is not inherently the problem. Rather, the problem arises from the chaotic and
e
Few communities affected ██ █████████ ██████████ █ ███████ ████ ███ ██████████ ████
Strong disagree. The author criticizes traditional approaches that focus exclusively on immediate aid but does not suggest that short-term needs aren't crucial. The author