The effort involved in lying produces measurable physiological reactions such as a speedup of the heartbeat. βββββ βββββ ββ βββββββββββ ββ βββββββββββββ ββββββββββ ββββββββββββ βββββ ββββ βββ ββββββ βββββ βββββββββ βββ β ββββ βββ ββ βββββββββββ ββββ βββββββ ββ ββββββ
Lie-detector tests that can detect the physiological reactions produced when someone lies are a guaranteed method for determining if someone is lying. This is because when someone lies, corresponding physiological reactions occur.
The author assumes that the physiological reactions produced by lying are not also triggered by other actions or behaviors. In other words, while lying is a sufficient condition for these physiological reactions, the author assumes it is also a necessary condition.
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People are often βββββββ ββββ ββββ βββ ββββββ βββββββββββββ βββββββββ ββ βββ ββββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββββββββ ββββββ
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