PrepTest 130 - Section 2 - Passage 3 - Question 18

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Proponents of the tangible-object theory of copyright argue that copyright and similar intellectual-property rights can be explained as logical extensions of the right to own concrete, tangible objects. ███

Proponents · of tangible-object theory of copyright

Copyrights and IP are logical extensions of the right to own concrete, tangible objects.

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Proponents' Premise · Copyrightable works must be manifest in some physical form

If this is a necessary condition for the tangible-object theory, that's a major weakness...

Proponents' Premise · Ownership of object confers a number of rights to owner

E.g., right to hide; display; copy; destroy; transfer.

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Application · of tangible-object theory

Creating new object from gives all rights to owner. But transferring ownership of object doesn’t necessarily transfer all rights.

General · Retained rights is common in other areas of law

e.g., real estate

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Application · of retained rights

Original producer of object often retain the rights to copy for profit and to use for creation of derivative works.

Proponents' Claim · Chief advantage of tangible-object theory

It justifies IP rights without relying on ownership of abstract entities.

Author’s Critique · Tangible-object theory cannot apply to non-tangible things

E.g., live broadcast of a sporting event

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Author’s Critique · Tangible-object theory fails to acknowledge that value is in the idea, not the physical form

Example · The poet v. the transcriber

Reveals weakness in tangible-object theory. Clearly it should be the poet that owns the poem, not the friend who give the poem a tangible form.

Passage Style

Critique or debate

18.

Legal theorists supporting the tangible-object ██████ ██ ████████████ ████████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ███████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████

Question Type

Implied

Other’s perspective

This is an Inference question from the perspective of the supporters of the tangible-object theory. The views of the supporters of the tangible-object theory can be found throughout the passage––remember that they think that all copyrightable works can have a physical representation, and their theory doesn’t require us to accept that abstract, intangible things can be owned.

A literary work ██████ ███████ █████████ ██████████ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ██ ███████ ████████ ██ ██ ███████████ ██████████

Unsupported. The physical representation of the work doesn’t need to be produced by an established publisher––the work just needs to have some tangible representation in general.

Most legal systems ██████████ ████ ██ ███ ███████████████ ██████ ██ ████████████ ████████ ██ █████ ██ █████ █████████ ████ ███ ███ ███ ████████ ███████

Unsupported. The passage doesn’t tell us how legal systems in the real world approach this issue, so we cannot make an inference about what most legal systems rely on.

20%

Unsupported. There is no indication in the passage that the right to copy is limited to the right to copy for profit.

Some works deserving ██ █████████ ██████████ ██████ ██████ ██ ██████████ ██ █████████ ████████ ████████

Anti-supported. This is actually what the author believes. The tangible-object theory depends on the claim that all copyrightable works can have a physical representation.

12%

To afford patent ██████████ ███ ███████████ ███ ███ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████████ █████████ ██ ████████ ██████

This is supported in P3. According to the supporters of the tangible-object theory, a benefit of the theory is that the law can protect intellectual property rights without citing the idea that abstract ideas can be owned.

55%

PrepTest 130 - Section 2 - Passage 3 - Question 18

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