Self-study
P1
Most scholars of Mexican American history mark César Chávez's unionizing efforts among Mexican and Mexican American farm laborers in California as the beginning of Chicano political activism in the 1960s. ██ █████ █████████ ██████ ████ ███████ █████ ██████ █████████████ ███████████ ██ ██████████ █ █████████ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ██ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ██████████ ██ ████ █████ ██████████ ███ ████ ████ ████ █████ ███ █████ ██ ████████████ ███████ ████████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ██████ ██████████ ███████ █████ █████ ███████ ██ ████████ ████ ████████ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████ █████████ ███ █████████ ████████ ██ ████████ ██ ██████ █████████ ███ ███████ ███████ █████████ █ ████████ ████ █████ █████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ██████
Into topic ·
Teatro Campesino theater company and Chicano theater movement
Valdez, who wanted to use theater for worker activism, connected with Chávez, a union leader for Mexican farm workers, and created the Teatro Campesino
P2
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Origins of Chicano theater movement ·
Valdez created "actos" (skits) with striking farm workers
Note the analogy drawn between farm work and theater: author references "players" in the "drama" of fieldwork
Characteristics of actos ·
Satirical, propose solutions, and inspire to action
P3
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Three perspectives ·
Theater historians', critic's, and author's
Theater historians say Valdez invented actos; critic Broyles-González says historians are wrong and the farm workers also deserve credit; and author says Broyles-González is right
Elaborate on origin of actos ·
Likely influenced by "carpas," an earlier form of satirical theater
Main point ·
Teatro Campesino's actos were a fusion of carpas and European-style theater thanks to the combined influences of farm works and Valdez
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Spotlight
14.
The author uses the word
Question Type
Meaning in context (of word, phrase, or idea)
Structure
The author notes that actos had “immediacy” because they were based on participants’ personal experiences. This suggests there’s something about having performances based on personal experiences that contributes to the performance. Let’s also keep in mind that actos involve an attempt to inspire the audience to social action. So “immediacy” may have something to do with the effect on the audience. It’s difficult to come up with a more specific prediction.
a
how little physical ████████ █████ ███ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ████ █████ █████ ███ █████ █████████
Nothing in the lines surrounding the use of “immediacy” suggests the author cares about emphasizing the physical distance between performers and their audiences.
b
the sense of ████████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████████ █████████ ██ ██████████ ████ ██ █████ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ████████
The author never indicates that performers addressed many of their lines directly to the audience. We have no evidence that any lines were addresed to the audience.
c
the ease with █████ ███ ██████ █████████ ███████ ████ ████ ██ ███████ █████ █████ ██ █████ ███ ███████████
There’s no indication that the actors were able to develop actos with “ease.” It may have been difficult; we don’t know.
d
how closely the ████████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████ █████████ ██████ ████████ ██ █████ █ ██████████ ██ █████
Nothing in the lines surrounding the use of “immediacy” suggests the director and performers worked particularly closely.
e
how vividly the █████ ████████ ███ ███████████ ███████████ ██ █████ █████████
This is the best answer. “Immediacy” has something to do with an aspect of actos that results from being based on personal experiences. In addition, we know that actos are designed to show a problem and inspire the audience to social action. In context, the author uses “immediacy” to say something about the way the performers’ personal experiences allowed actos to affect the audience.