PrepTest 148 - Section 2 - Passage 2 - Question 10

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This passage was adapted from an article written by three economists.

Phenomenon · The Great Migration

Between 1915 and 1960, 40% of African Americans migrated north.

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3 Historical Causes · WWI increased labor demand in North while cuting off European immigration; infestation ruined crops in South reducing labor demand there

This is what kicked off the Great Migration.

Question · But why did it continue?

And accelerate when the initial causes started to disappear?

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Hypothesis · Migration develops its own momentum

Migration encourages future migration by making it easier to migrate.

Rule Premise · Economists' cost-benefit rule for migration

People migrate if earnings are high enough to offset the costs of moving.

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Premise · Cost of migration: uncertainty; travel; settling in

Three costs of migration: 1. uncertainty about housing and labor-market conditions; 2. cost of time and money of moving; 3. settling in

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Premise · All three costs were reduced for later migrants

Previous migrants could pass information to reduce uncertainty and help new migrants settle in. New migrants could travel with previous migrants to reduce the cost of moving.

Premise · Previous migrants further reduced costs

Previous migrants also provided new migrants with temporary housing, food, and credit. Also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants.

Passage Style

Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)

Single position

10.

The authors of the passage █████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████

Question Type

Author’s perspective

Implied

This is an Inference question about what the authors would likely agree with. Remember that the authors’ main point is their hypothesis for why the Great Migration continued: once migration began, it built momentum and reduced difficulties for future migrants, thus facilitating the trend of migration from the South to the North that continued for decades.

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This is supported throughout the passage. We know that the Great Migration continued (and accelerated) even when North-South income differences were narrowing, which indicates that finances alone didn’t drive the migration. Additionally, P4 explains non-financial factors that impact an individual’s decision to migrate.

73%

A complete explanation ██ ███ █████ █████████ ████ █████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ████ █████████ ██████████████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████

Unsupported. The authors say that there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, but the Great Migration began in 1915. Since the authors point to 1915 as the beginning of the Great Migration, we can’t say that they would agree that a complete explanation must begin with an explanation of 19th century migration.

14%

The Great Migration ██ ███ ████████ ██ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ████ █████ █████ █████████ ██████████

Unsupported. The passage doesn’t discuss the broad patterns of most other known migration movements, so we don’t know if the Great Migration is parallel to most other migration moments.

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We know that movement from lower- to higher-income regions explains the beginning of the Great Migration, but this is just one example of a large-scale migration. We can’t say that most large-scale migrations can be explained this way.

Large-scale migrations generally ███ ███ █████ █████ ███ █████ █████████ ████████ ████ ███████████ █████████████ ██████ ███████████ █████ ██ █ ██████ ██ █████ ██████████████████

Unsupported. The passage only discusses when the Great Migration occurred; we don’t know when any other large-scale migrations occurred.

PrepTest 148 - Section 2 - Passage 2 - Question 10

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