A commission has been formed to report on the nation's preparedness for a major natural disaster. βββ ββββββββββββ ββββββ ββββ βββ ββ βββββββββ ββββββ βββ ββββββββββ ββββββ ββββ β βββββββ ββββββ βββββ ββββββββββ βββββββ ββ βββ ββββββββββ ββββ ββββββββββ βββββββββ βββββ βββ ββββββββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββ ββββ ββ βββββββ ββ ββββββββββ ββ βββ βββββββ ββ ββββ βββ ββ ββββββββββ
The author concludes that the report wonβt be effective. This is based on the following:
In order for the report to be effective, the commission must speak with a unified voice.
Individual members of the commission have repeatedly expressed their own opinions about stuff related to the report before the report was completed.
We have a premise that tells us whatβs required for the report to be effective β the commission must speak with a unified voice. So if we can learn that the commission is NOT speaking with a unified voice, then the report wonβt be effective.
Do we have enough to establish that the commission is not speaking with a unified voice? Not quite β the other premise tells us that individual members have expressed their own opinions before the report was completed. Does that constitute lack of a unified voice? We donβt know. To make the argument valid, then, we want to establish that if individual members of the commission speak about stuff related to the report before itβs completed, that implies the commission is not speaking with a unified voice.
The conclusion of the argument βββββββ βββββββββ ββ βββββ βββ ββ βββ βββββββββ ββ ββββββββ
Commission members who ββββ βββββββββ βββββ ββββββββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββ ββββ ββββ ββββββββββ βββββ ββββββββββ ββ βββββββββ ββ βββββββββ βββββββ
News organizations should βββ βββββββ β ββββββββ βββ βββββββ ββ βββ ββββββββββ ββ βββββββ βββββ ββββββββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββ βββββ ββ ββββ βββββββββ βββ βββββββββββββ ββ βββ ββββββββββββ βββββββ
The commission will ββ ββββ ββ βββββ ββββ β βββββββ βββββ ββββ ββ ββββββββββ ββββββββ ββββββββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββββ βββ βββ ββββ ββββββ ββββββ βββ ββββββ ββ ββββββββββ
If commission members βββ βββ βββββββββ βββββ ββββββββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββ ββββββ βββ ββββββ βββ ββββββββββ βββββ βββββ ββββ ββββ ββββ ββββββ βββββββββββ βββββ ββββ βββββ βββββ βββββ
The commission's report ββββ βββ ββ βββββββββ ββ ββββ ββ βββ ββββββββββ βββββββ βββββββ βββ ββββββββ βββββ βββ ββββββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββββ ββββββ βββ ββββββββββ βββ βββββββ