Support In a bureaucracy, all decisions are arrived at by a process that involves many people. █████ ██ ██ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ███ █████████ ██ ██████ ███████ █ ███████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ ██ █ ████████████ ██ ██████████████ █████ ████████ ███ █████ ███████████
The stimulus tells us two traits of bureaucracies: all decisions are reached by a process involving many people, and there is no single person who can decide if a project proceeds or not. The conclusion is that "risky projects" are never undertaken in a bureaucracy.
The conclusion follows logically from ███ ████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
All projects in █ ███████████ ███████ █████
Incorrect. (A) maps out to:
project in bureaucracy → risk
This doesn't bridge the premise → conclusion gap in the stimulus.
Decisive individuals choose ███ ██ ████ ██ █ ████████████
Incorrect. (B) maps out to:
decisive → /choose to work in bureaucracy
This doesn't bridge the premise → conclusion gap we discussed, not to mention the fact that we don't know anything about the kinds of individuals who work in a bureaucracy.
An individual who ███ ███████████████ █████ ████ ████ ██████
Incorrect. (C) maps out to:
one person with decision-making power → risks
This doesn't bridge the premise → conclusion gap we discussed.
The only risky ████████ ██████████ ███ █████ ███ █████ █ ██████ ██████████ ███ ███████████████ ██████
Correct. (D) maps out to:
risky → one person with decision-making power
By the contrapositive, this becomes:
/one person with decision-making power → /risky
In other words, if there is no one person with decision-making power for a project, no risky projects will be undertaken. This is one of the sufficient assumptions we discussed.
People sometimes take █████ ██ ███████████ ████ ████ █████ ███ ████ ██ ████ ██ █ ██████
Incorrect. This is a "some" statement that doesn't bridge the premise → conclusion gap we discussed. Just because individuals "sometimes" take risks that they would not take as part of a group doesn't give us enough grounds to conclude for sure that a bureaucracy will never undertake any risky projects.