PT118.S2.P2.Q13

PrepTest 118 - Section 2 - Passage 2 - Question 13

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P1

The moral precepts embodied in the Hippocratic oath, which physicians standardly affirm upon beginning medical practice, have long been considered the immutable bedrock of medical ethics, binding physicians in a moral community that reaches across temporal, cultural, and national barriers. █████ ████ ████████ ███ ████████ █████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ███ ███ ███████ ███ ███ ███ ████ ██ ████████ ███ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ █████████ ██ ████████████ ███████ █████████ ███ ████████████ ██ █████████ ██████████████████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███████████ ███ ███

Intro topic · Hippocratic oath as basis of medical ethics
Oath to act in patients' best interests and adopt standards of professional conduct
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Criticism 1 · Oath is outdated, oath's rules too inflexible
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Criticism 2 · Oath undermines patient privacy and autonomy
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Criticism 3 · Oath interferes with access to care
Requires doctors to prioritize individual patient needs over broader societal considerations. Also limits role of market forces in driving quality and availability of care.
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Criticism 4 · Oath overlooks important considerations
Human experimentation, connection between doctors and other health care providers
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Criticism 5 · Oath's origins are uncertain
Perhaps oath wasn't always widely accepted
P2

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Rebuttal to crticism 5 · Oath's origins are irrelevant
Doctors have long since agreed with oath's principles
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Rebuttal to criticisms 1-4 · Oath still necessary despite those criticisms
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Solution · Keep oath's core value while reforming other, less essential aspects
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Example of solution · Oath previously reinterpreted to allow surgery
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Show answer
13.

Which one of the following ███ ████ ██████████ ██ ████ ██ ████████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████████ █████

a

enthusiastic support

Anti-supported. The author rejects the critics’ view.

3%
b

bemused dismissal

There’s no support for a “bemused” attitude, because there’s no suggestion the author is puzzled, confused, or amused by the critics’ argument.

3%
c

reasoned disagreement

This best captures the author’s attitude. The author disagrees with the critics and provides reasons, which are set forth in P2.

73%
d

strict neutrality

The author isn’t neutral. The author rejects the critics’ view.

2%
e

guarded agreement

The author doesn’t agree with the critics — the author doesn’t believe the oath as a whole is outdated or that it should be significantly changed. If you like (E) because the author is open to adaptation, note that the author is open to adaptation at the periphery. This means on the margins. The central value of the oath, however, should be retained. This isn’t agreement with the critics, because the critics aren’t arguing merely for some minor changes on the margins of the oath.

19%

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