PT23.S3.Q11

SECTION 1 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 2 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 3 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24

SECTION 4 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

PASSAGE 2
Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13

PASSAGE 3
Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18

PASSAGE 4
Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

PrepTest 23 - Section 3 - Question 11

Question

Explanation

Analytics

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Vitamin XYZ has long been a favorite among health food enthusiasts. ██ █ ██████ █████ ██████ █████ ███ ████ █████ ███████ ██ ███████ ███ █████ ███ ███ █████ ██████ ██ ███████ █ ██ ███████ █████ ████ ██ █████ ███████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ █ ███████ ██████ ███████████ █████████ ███ ███████████ ██ ████████ ██████ ███████ ████ ██ █████

Stimulus Breakdown

The stimulus tells us about a recent large study concerning vitamin XYZ. The study had an experimental group who took large doses of vitamin XYZ daily for two years, and a control group who did not take vitamin XYZ. Researchers also accounted for relevant differences between participants, such as diet. At the end of the two years, the experimental group who took vitamin XYZ had a 40% lower average risk of heart disease than the control group.

When considering the results from an experimental study, it's important to consider the quality of the study. And this study looks pretty good: it included a large number of participants and a control group, and researchers controlled for confounding factors that could have raised alternative explanations.

Objective: Identify a Strongly-Supported Claim

Because the study presented in the stimulus was of good quality, we can reasonably infer that vitamin XYZ actually caused the lower average risk of heart disease. This claim is strongly supported by the way the study was conducted to eliminate possible alternative explanations.

Analysis by AlexandraNash

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11.

Which one of the following ██████████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████

Taking large amounts ██ ████████ ██ ████████ █████ ███████ ███ ████ ████████

The stimulus only discusses vitamin XYZ, not vitamins in general. It's also limited to the effect of vitamin XYZ on heart disease, and doesn't say anything about the overall cost/benefit of taking vitamins. (A) goes beyond the scope of the stimulus.

Those who take █████ █████ ██ ███████ ███ █████ ███ ███ ████ ███ █████ ████ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ ████████ █████ ████████

(B) takes our reasonably inferred conclusion of the study one step further. The study strongly supports concluding that taking large doses of vitamin XYZ for two years reduces the average risk of heart disease, so we can predict the same result in the future.

Li, who has █████ █████ ███████ ██ ███████ ███ █████ ███ ███ ████ ███ ██████ ███ █ ██ ███████ █████ ████ ██ █████ ███████ ████ ███ ███ ███ █████ ████

Because the study only talks about average effects across a large group of people, it can't support predictions about a specific individual. There are too many other factors in any individual case: for example, Lin might have made other lifestyle changes that could outweigh the effects of vitamin XYZ.

Taking large amounts ██ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ █████ █████ ████ ██████ ██ ███████████ ██ ████ ███████

The study is limited to the effect of vitamin XYZ on heart disease over two years. We don't know if vitamin XYZ has undesirable side effects, continues to be effective over a longer period, or any other information we'd need to support (D).

Health food enthusiasts ███ ████████ ███████ ██ █████████ ████ █████ █████ █████ ██ ████████ ████████ ███████ ████ ███████

(E) has the same issue as (A) and (D): it goes beyond the scope of the stimulus. We can't support a claim about multiple vitamins promoting general good health just based on a study about vitamin XYZ lowering the risk of heart disease.

Difficulty

Question

78% of people who answer get this correct

This is a moderately difficult question.

CURVE

Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right

25% 123

143

75% 164

Analysis

Question Stem Tags

Most strongly supported

Stimulus Tags

Causal reasoning

Answer Popularity

Popularity Avg. score

150

78%

169

163

166

10%

166

Question history

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