Self-study
P1
Personal names are generally regarded by European thinkers in two major ways, both of which deny that names have any significant semantic content. ███
Perspective ·
European view
Personal names lack semantic content
Mill and Lévi-Strauss ·
Two European perspectives
Mill sees names as meaningless identifiers; Lévi-Strauss sees names as social markers.
Critique ·
Mill and Lévi-Strauss' views neglect how names work in some societies
Illustration of Critique ·
Hopi names have semantic content
Hopi names do more than what Mill or Lévi-Strauss suggest; can refer to events and be poetic
P2
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Develop Illustration ·
How Hopi names work
They place individuals within society through connection to rituals; confer individual identity; combine individual and clan characteristics
P3
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Further Develop Illustration ·
Hopi names are usually even more complex
Literal translation not enough to understand the name. Requires contextual knowledge. Names can indirectly refer to important events.
Similarity ·
Hopi name poetic like Western Apache place names
P4
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Critique of Mill and Lévi-Strauss ·
Hopi names defy their claims
Hopi names can be poetic; not just about distinguishing people or signaling status.
Implication ·
Knowledge of Hopi culture is key to fully appreciating their names
Passage Style
Critique or debate
14.
The author's primary purpose in ███████ ███ ███████ ██ ██
a
present an anthropological █████ ██ ████ █████
This misses the point. Even if we concede that the passage is an “anthropological study,” the author’s purpose in writing the passage is to criticize Mill’s and Lévi-Strauss's views. She uses Hopi names as an example to show that some personal names do have significant semantic content.
b
propose a new ██████ █████ ███ ██████ ██ █████
The author never discusses the origin of names, nor does she propose any new theory. Instead, she criticizes two existing theories about names, using Hopi names to show that they’re too narrow.
c
describe several competing ████████ ██ █████
The author describes two theories of names: Mill’s and Lévi-Strauss's. We don’t have any reason to believe that these theories are competing. Her purpose in writing the passage is to criticize these two theories and show that they’re too narrow.
d
criticize two influential █████ ██ █████
The purpose of the passage is to criticize Mill’s and Lévi-Strauss's influential views of names. They claim that personal names don’t have any significant semantic content, and the author uses Hopi names to show that these views are too narrow.
e
explain the cultural ███████ ██ █████
The author suggests that Hopi names have cultural significance and that one needs to