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The consequences of surgical errors can be devastating, and Support no one would want to risk surgery unless it was performed by someone highly competent to perform surgery. ███████ ████████ ████ ███████ ████████ ███ █████████ ████ ████ ████ █████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ████████ ██████████ ███████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ██████ █████ ████ █ ███████ ███████ ████████ ██████ ███████████ ██████
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that surgery performed by anyone other than a general surgeon involves undesirable risks. As premises, he gives two conditional claims:
(1) If a surgery is performed by someone who is not highly competent, it involves unwanted/undesirable risks.
(2) If someone is a general surgeon, that person has special training that makes them highly competent at performing surgery.
Identify and Describe Flaw
This is the flaw of mistaking sufficiency for necessity. The author treats “being a general surgeon” as necessary for “being highly competent at performing surgery.” But according to premise 2, “being a general surgeon” is sufficient, not necessary.
In other words, the argument overlooks the possibility that other kinds of doctors might also be highly competent at performing surgery.
10.
The reasoning in the argument ██ ██████ ███████ ███ ████████ █████ ██ ████████ ███ ███████████ ████
a
there are general ████████ ███ ███ ███████████
b
general surgeons are ███ ███ ████ ███████ █████████ ██ ███████ ███████
c
the competence of ███ ██████ ██████████ ███████ ████ ███ █████████ █ ██████████ ███████
d
risk is not ███ ████ ██████ ██ ████████ ███████ ██ ████ ███████
e
factors in addition ██ ██████████ ███ ████████ ████ ████████ █ ██████