Self-study
Essayist: The way science is conducted and regulated can be changed. ███ ██ ████ ██ █████████ ███████ ███ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██████ ████ ███████ █████ ██████ ███ ███ ██ ███████ ██ ████████ █████ ███ ████████████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ██████████ ████ █████ ██ ████████ ███ ██████ ██████ ████ ██████████ ███ ███ ██ ███████████ ███ █████ ██ ███████████ ██████████ ████ █████ ████████████ █████ ██ ████████ ████████ ████ █ ██████ ██ █████ ███████ ███ ████ ███████ █████████████ █████ ██ ██████ ███ █████ ██████ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
Summarize Argument
We need to be sure that changing scientific procedure is worth it—that the benefits outweigh the costs. The essayist supports this with examples of possible changes to science and their high costs, underscoring the point that we should be sure the change is warranted.
Identify Conclusion
The conclusion is the essayist’s call for caution: “we need to determine whether the changes are warranted, taking into account their price.”
18.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████████
a
We should not ████ ███████ ████ ████ █████ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
There’s no opinion on whether we should make changes; only that we need to be certain on whether the change is worth it.
b
If we regulate ███████ ████ ████████ ██ ████ ██████ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
The essayist only mentions changes to regulation; we can’t assume this means closer regulation. Also, the claim that the character of science will change is lending support to the call for caution. If anything, (B) is a modified premise, not the conclusion.
c
The regulation of ███████ ███ ███ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███ ██ ████████
This is just context that allows us to understand the essayist’s argument. The point of the argument isn’t whether or not science can be changed, but that we should think carefully about making those changes.
d
The imposition of ████████████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ █████ ██ ████ ███████
This is a premise. The essayist’s claim that restrictions would be costly supports the idea that we should consider these costs when deciding whether to make changes to scientific procedure.
e
We need to ██ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ███████ ██████ ███████ ███ █████
This captures the essayist’s conclusion. The rest of the argument is designed to support the idea that we should take price into account when deciding whether to make changes in scientific procedure.