Self-study
It is widely believed that eating chocolate can cause acne. ███████ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ███████████ ██ ████ ██████ █████ ██ █████ ███ ███████████ ██████ █████ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ████ ████ ██████████ ████████ ██ ██ ██████ ████ ██████ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ ██████ ███ █ ██████ ███████ ██████ ██████████ ███████ ████████ ████ ████████ ███████ ██████████ ████ ██████ ███ █████ ████ ███ █████ ██ ████ ████████ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ████ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ ████ ████ ███ █████ ███████
Summarize Argument: Counter-Position
The author thinks it’s likely that stress causes both acne and chocolate-eating, rather than chocolate consumption causing acne. To support this, they offer two pieces of evidence. First, stress hormones can cause acne. Second, chocolate enjoyers eat more chocolate when stressed.
In reaching the conclusion that stress is probably the cause of both acne and chocolate-eating, notice that the author doesn't disagree the correlation between chocolate and acne observed by people susceptible to acne. The author accepts this correlation, but puts forward an alternative causal explanation which is supported by new evidence about stress.
6.
Of the following, which one ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ █████████
a
People are mistaken ███ ██████ ████ ████████ ████ ███ █████ ███████ ██ █████████ ████ ██████████ ██████ ████ ██ ████████ ██ █████
The author doesn't say that people are mistaken about experiencing acne outbreaks during high-chocolate periods, and doesn't deny that chocolate consumption and acne can correlate. This simply isn’t a claim the author makes.
b
The more chocolate █ ██████ █████ ███ ████ ██████ ████ ██████ ██ ██ ██████████ ███ ████████ ███████ ██████████ ████ ███████
The argument is not designed to prove that there is a correlation between stress and eating chocolate. Rather, this is used as a premise to support the conclusion that stress leads to both chocolate-eating and acne, rather than chocolate causing acne.
c
Eating large amounts ██ █████████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ██████ ████ ██ ██ ██ █████ █████████ ██ █████
This is not stated in the argument; the author isn’t saying that eating chocolate causes anything. Instead, the claim is that eating chocolate can be a result of stress.
d
It is less ██████ ████ ██████ █████ ███████ ██ █████████ ██████ ████ ████ ████ ████ ███ █████████ ██████ ███ ███ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ███████
This accurately paraphrases the conclusion. The evidence given in the argument is meant to support the claim that stress causes both acne and chocolate-eating, as a rebuttal to the “common wisdom” of chocolate causing acne.
e
The more stress █ ██████ ████████████ ███ ████ ██████ ████ ██████ ██ ██ █████ ██████████
This isn’t quite what the argument says about stress and chocolate consumption, but even if it were, that relationship is used as support for the overall conclusion. It is not supported by anything else, so it is not the conclusion.