Self-study
In early 1990, Queenston instituted a tax increase that gave its school system a larger operating budget. ███ ██████ ██████ ████ ███ ██████ ██████ ██ ████████ ███ █████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ██ ███████ ███████ ████ ███ █████ █████████████ █████ ███ ██ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████ ██ ████████ ███ ███████ ███████ ████ ███ █████
Summary
In 1990, Queenston instituted a tax increase that gave its school system a larger operating budget. The school system used the larger budget to increase the total number of teachers by 30 percent between 1990 and 1993. Nevertheless, the average number of students per teacher between 1990 and 1993 did not change.
Notable Valid Inferences
Between 1990 and 1993, the number of students in Queenston’s school system increased.
11.
If the statements above are █████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ████ ██ █████
a
No classes in ███████████ ██████ ██████ ███████████ ██ ████████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ████ ███ █████
Must be false. If the number of teachers increased by 30 percent but the average student per teacher ratio did not change, then there must be more students and classes would experience an increase in enrollment.
b
The total number ██ ████████ ████████ ██ ███████████ ██████ ██████ █████████ ███████ ████ ███ █████
Must be true. If the number of teachers increased by 30 percent but the average student per teacher ratio did not change, then it must be true that the number of students also increased.
c
The operating budget ██ ███████████ ██████ ██████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ███████ ████ ███ █████
Could be false. We only know that Queestion’s school system increased the total number of teachers by 30 percent. We do not have any information in the stimulus that tells us what percentage the operating budget increased.
d
Most teachers who ██████ ███ ███████████ ██████ ██████ ██ ████ ████ █████ ███████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ █████
Could be false. We know that the total number of teachers increased, but this does not necessarily mean that most teachers stayed during this time period. It is possible that the school system had high teacher turnover and still increased the total number of teachers.
e
The quality of █████████ ██ ███████████ ██████ ██████ ████████ ███████ ████ ███ █████
Could be false. We don’t have any information in the stimulus about the quality of Queenston’s education. We cannot assume that because the total number of teachers increased, education quality improved as well.