Self-study
Fred argued that, since Kathleen is a successful film director, she has probably worked with famous actors. ████ █████ ████ ██ █████ ██ █████████ ████ ████ ██████████ ████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████ ██ ██ ██████ ████████ █████ ████ ██ ███████████ ██████ ███ █████████ ██ █████████████ ██████ ████ ████ ██████ ███████
Summarize Argument: Counter-Position
The author concludes that Fred’s claim that Kathleen has likely worked with many famous actors is not warranted by Kathleen being a successful director. The author’s evidence is that directors of documentary films, such as Kathleen, do not usually work with famous actors.
Describe Method of Reasoning
The author introduces overlooked information about Fred’s subject to undermine Fred’s conclusion. The author points out that Fred, in making a conclusion about Kathleen as a successful film director, has ignored the relevant fact that she is a successful documentary film director.
10.
Which one of the following ██████████ ██ ████ █████ ██ █████████ ██████ ██████████
a
maintaining that too ██████ ██ █████ █████ ████████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████████
The author doesn’t claim that there is not enough information about Kathleen to draw any conclusion, but actually introduces more information to undermine Fred’s conclusion.
b
showing that Kathleen ████ ███ ████ ██████ ████ ██████ ██████
The author does not show that Kathleen has not worked with famous actors, but only shows that being a documentary director does not make it likely that she has worked with famous actors.
c
claiming that Fred ███ ██████ ██ ████ ████████ ███████████ ████ ███████
The author claims that Fred has failed to account for the relevant information that Kathleen is a documentary filmmaker. This oversight is used to undermine Fred’s conclusion.
d
showing that Fred ███ ██████████ ███████ ████ ███ ██████████ ████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ██████
The author doesn’t claim that Fred makes this assumption—Fred’s reported claim is just that a successful director will “probably” work with famous actors.
e
demonstrating that Fred ███ ██████ ██ ████ ████ ████ ██████████ ████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ██████
The author does not contradict the idea that most successful film directors work with famous actors. Rather, it is accepted as a premise from which Kathleen, as a documentary director, is an exception.