Self-study
Support Overexposure to certain wavelengths of strong sunlight is the main cause of melanoma, a virulent form of skin cancer. ███ ████ ███████ ███████ ███ ████ ████████ ██ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ████ ███████ ██ ██████ █████████ ████████ █████████ █████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ████ ████████ ███████ ████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ████████ ███ █ ███████████ ██████ ██ █████
Summarize Argument
People should put adequate sunblock on skin exposed to strong sunlight. This is because adequate sunblock prevents sunburn even if the skin is exposed to strong sunlight for a while, and overexposure to certain wavelengths of strong sunlight is the main cause of melanoma.
Notable Assumptions
The doctors assume there is overlap between the wavelengths of strong sunlight that cause melanoma and the wavelengths of strong sunlight that cause sunburn.
14.
Which one of the following, ██ █████ ████ ███████ ███ ██████████████ ████ ██████ ████ ████████ █████████
a
There is no ████████ ████ █████ ███ ███████████ ██ ████████ ████ ████ ██ ████ ███████ ███ █████████
This weakens the argument. It attacks the doctors’ assumption that the same wavelengths that cause melanoma cause sunburn as well.
b
There are people ███ ████ ████████ █████████ ██ ███████ █████████ █████ ██ ████ ██████████
This does not affect the doctors’ argument because it is not relevant. These individuals can use one of the sunblocks that do not contain the specific chemicals to which they react.
c
Many sunblocks need ████████ ████████████ ██ ██████ █████████ ███ █ ███████████ ██████ ██ █████
This does not affect the argument. There is nothing in the stimulus to suggest the doctors disagree with this idea.
d
Toxins contained in ███████ ████████ █████████ ████ █████ █████████
This does not affect the argument. There can be several different causes of melanoma—the doctors are only discussing the main cause, which is overexposure to certain wavelengths of strong sunlight.
e
Sunburns appear immediately █████ ████████ ██ ███ ███ ███ ████████ ███████ █████ █████ ████████ ██████████
This does not affect the argument. Ideally, if one follows the doctors’ advice, one would not get sunburned in the first place, as they would have applied adequate sunblock.