Self-study
P1
Every culture that has adopted the cultivation of maize—also known as corn—has been radically changed by it. ███
intro topic ·
Influence of maize
explain significance ·
of maize
Contributed to development of agrarian and urban societies, and European population growth
hypothesis ·
Maize's influence is due to its productivity
phenomenon ·
Productivity of maize
Intro to hypothesis ·
Biochemistry provides the answer
P2
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Context ·
Explanation of photosynthesis
Water splits into hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen produces energy. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide builds sugars with help from enzyme (rubisco).
Problem ·
Too much oxygen interferes with photosynthesis
Enzyme supposed to work with carbon dioxide, but oxygen binds to enzyme instead, meaning less enzyme available to work with carbon dioxide
P3
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Solution (hypothesis) ·
Different method of photosynthesis
Enzyme (rubisco) is kept separate from atmospheric gases (e.g., oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Complication with hypothesis ·
Carbon dioxide cannot reach enzyme as gas
Solution: Carbon dioxide becomes nongas molecule (C-4) in order to reach enzyme and drive photosynthesis
Strengthen hypothesis ·
Other highly productive crops use this method of photosynthesis
Passage Style
Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)
Single position
25.
The passage contains information sufficient ██ ███████ █████████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
In rice plants, ███████████ █████ ███ █████████ ████ ████████ ███ ██████████ ██ █████ █████ ██ █████ ████ ███ ███████████ █████████
Misdirection. In rice plants,
b
In rice plants, ██████ ████████ ████ █████ █████ █████████ █████ ██ ███████ ████ ██ ████████ ██████ █████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████████
Unsupported. The author states that normally, oxygen can bind to rubisco molecules, but that this does not occur in C-4 plants such as rice plants.
c
Rice is an █████████ ██████████ ████ ████ █████████ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████████ ███ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████ █████████ █████████
Unsupported—too strong. The author does state that rice is among the world's most productive crops, but she doesn’t suggest anything about the population or cultures of those who eat it.
d
In rice plants, ███████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████ █████ ████ ████████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ███████
Strongly supported. Rice plants, like maize,
e
Although rice is ███████ ██ █████ ██ ████████████ ███ █████████ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ██████ ██████████ █████
Unsupported comparison. The only similarity we can draw between rice and maize is that they’re both C-4 plants, which means they’re both highly productive compared to non-C-4 plants. We don’t know anything about the nutritive value of either crop. And while the author notes that maize has historically been adopted by a few different regions (North America, Central America, and Europe), we don’t know how widely cultivated maize or rice currently is.