PT122.S3.P4.Q25 > Analytics

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Every culture that has adopted the cultivation of maize—also known as corn—has been radically changed by it. ███

intro topic · Influence of maize

explain significance · of maize

Contributed to development of agrarian and urban societies, and European population growth

hypothesis · Maize's influence is due to its productivity

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phenomenon · Productivity of maize

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Intro to hypothesis · Biochemistry provides the answer

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Context · Explanation of photosynthesis

Water splits into hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen produces energy. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide builds sugars with help from enzyme (rubisco).

Problem · Too much oxygen interferes with photosynthesis

Enzyme supposed to work with carbon dioxide, but oxygen binds to enzyme instead, meaning less enzyme available to work with carbon dioxide

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Solution (hypothesis) · Different method of photosynthesis

Enzyme (rubisco) is kept separate from atmospheric gases (e.g., oxygen and carbon dioxide)

Complication with hypothesis · Carbon dioxide cannot reach enzyme as gas

Solution: Carbon dioxide becomes nongas molecule (C-4) in order to reach enzyme and drive photosynthesis

Strengthen hypothesis · Other highly productive crops use this method of photosynthesis

Passage Style

Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)

Single position

25.

The passage contains information sufficient ██ ███████ █████████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████

In rice plants, ███████████ █████ ███ █████████ ████ ████████ ███ ██████████ ██ █████ █████ ██ █████ ████ ███ ███████████ █████████

Misdirection. In rice plants, which are C-4 plants just like maize is, atmospheric gases are prevented from entering the cells containing rubisco, not from the structures in which water is split into hydrogen and oxygen. Rubisco is in the bundle sheath cells, while water is split in the green leaf cells.

18%

In rice plants, ██████ ████████ ████ █████ █████ █████████ █████ ██ ███████ ████ ██ ████████ ██████ █████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████████

Unsupported. The author states that normally, oxygen can bind to rubisco molecules, but that this does not occur in C-4 plants such as rice plants.

Rice is an █████████ ██████████ ████ ████ █████████ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████████ ███ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████ █████████ █████████

Unsupported—too strong. The author does state that rice is among the world's most productive crops, but she doesn’t suggest anything about the population or cultures of those who eat it.

In rice plants, ███████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████ █████ ████ ████████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ███████

Strongly supported. Rice plants, like maize, are C-4 plants, and C-4 plants isolate rubisco in the bundle sheath cells that surround the vascular structures of the leaves.

68%

Although rice is ███████ ██ █████ ██ ████████████ ███ █████████ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ██████ ██████████ █████

Unsupported comparison. The only similarity we can draw between rice and maize is that they’re both C-4 plants, which means they’re both highly productive compared to non-C-4 plants. We don’t know anything about the nutritive value of either crop. And while the author notes that maize has historically been adopted by a few different regions (North America, Central America, and Europe), we don’t know how widely cultivated maize or rice currently is.

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