Self-study
The song of the yellow warbler signals to other yellow warblers that a particular area has been appropriated by the singer as its own feeding territory. ████████ ███ ███████ ██████ █████ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████ ████ ███ ███████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ █████ ██████ ████████ ███ █████ ███ ████ ██████ █ ███████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████████ ████████ █ ███████ █████ █ ███████ ████ ████ ██ █████ ██████ ███ ██████████ █████ ██████ ████████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ███████ ████ █████████ ██ █ ██████ ███████ ███████ ███ ███████ █████ █████████ ██████ █████████ █████ ███ ████ ███ █████ █████████ ██████ ████████ ████ ██ ███████████ ███ ███ ████ ██████ ██████ ███ █████ ██ █████ ██████████ ███████
Summary
When a yellow warbler is molting, it sings a song that stops any other yellow warblers from entering its territory. Therefore, when molting, yellow warblers will have no competition for food within their territory.
Notable Assumptions
The argument’s premises establish that when a yellow warbler is molting it will not face any competition from other yellow warblers. The conclusion, however, makes a much broader claim that they will not face any competition whatsoever. There is therefore a missing gap, which needs to be filled by some assumption stating that the only completion yellow warblers face are other yellow warblers.
4.
The argument makes which one ██ ███ █████████ ████████████
a
The core areas ███████ ████ ██████ ████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████ ███████ █████ ██ ██████
The argument is about the amount of competition a yellow warbler will face, not about how much food they would be competing over.
b
Warblers are the ████ ███████ █████ ████ ███ █████ ██ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███████████ ██ ████████
The argument is specifically about yellow warblers - lots of other birds could do the same thing and it wouldn’t affect the argument.
c
There are no █████ █████ ████ ██████ ████████ ████ ███████ ████ ██████ ████████ ███ █████
This fills the gap in the argument. If this were negated, and other birds did compete with yellow warblers, than the fact that other yellow warblers don’t compete wouldn’t lead to the conclusion that molting yellow warblers face no competition.
d
Warblers often share █████ ███████ █████ ████ █████ █████ ██ ██████ █████ █████ ██ ███ ███ ███ ████ ███████ ██ █████ ██ ████████ ███
Negating this would not undermine the argument - even if warblers didn’t coexist with other birds, it could still be true that they didn’t face any competition (for example, if they didn’t share their feeding areas with any other living creatures at all).
e
The core areas ██ ████ ███████ █████████ ███ ███ ████ ████ ███ ████ ███████ ████████
It could be true that each molting warbler doesn’t face any competition within their respective territory, even if the size of each territory is different. The amount of area a warbler uses isn’t directly connected to the claim that they don’t face competition within it.