Mismatched premises and conclusion. This establishes a necessary condition for being healthy (exercise) and establishes an effect that comes along with satisfying it (risk of injury). It then leaps to make a claim about what action will be taken by certain people. The stimulus merely links two necessary conditions together and does not make a claim about what will happen.

Mismatched conclusion. This mistakes a necessary condition for a sufficient one. Improvement requires learning, which requires making mistakes. This doesn’t mean that making mistakes requires improvement, as (B) incorrectly infers. The stimulus arrives at an inferred necessary condition without mistakenly reversing it.

This argument proceeds by creating a chain of necessary conditions. The party increasing its campaigning is a necessary condition for raising more money, and raising more money is a necessary condition for retaining its status. It follows that the party increasing its campaigning is a necessary condition for it to retain its status.

Mismatched conclusion. This mistakes a sufficient condition for a necessary one. Being able to repair your own bicycle is a sufficient condition for having mechanical aptitude, but you could be unable to repair your own bicycle for a different reason. The stimulus properly establishes a necessary chain.

Mismatched conclusion. This mistakes a sufficient condition for a necessary one. Waiting in line is a sufficient condition for proving that one has patience, but one could avoid waiting in line for a different reason. The stimulus properly establishes a necessary chain.