Self-study
Almost all advances in genetic research give rise to ethical dilemmas. ██████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████ ██ ███████ ███ ████ ███████ █████████ █████ ████████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████████ ███ ██████ ██████ ██ █████████████ ███ ██ ███ █████ ██ █████ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ █████████ ███ ███ ███████ █████████
Summary
Most advances in genetic research lead to ethical dilemmas.
Most genetic research is funded exclusively by the government.
Genetic research that is not funded by the government is funded exclusively by corporations.
All genetic research is paid for by either corporations or the government, because genetic research requires funding from one of those sources.
Notable Valid Inferences
Fewer than 50% of genetic research projects are funded by corporations.
All advances in genetic research are funded by either the government or corporations.
All ethical dilemmas arising from genetic research come from work that was funded by either the government or corporations.
15.
If all the statements above ███ █████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ██ █████
a
Most advances in ███████ ████████ █████ ██ ████████ ██████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ████ ██ █████████████
Could be false. While we know that most genetic research projects are funded by the government, we don’t know the breakdown of which projects lead to advances. Maybe all (or most of) the advances in genetic research come from corporation-funded projects!
b
Most genetic research ██████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ██ ████████ ████ ████ ████ ██ ███████ █████████
Could be false. We have no idea how common advances in genetic research are or how frequently they come from government-funded projects—maybe the government pays for thousands of projects and only two lead to advances that give rise to ethical dilemmas! Or maybe none do!
c
At least some ████████ ██ ███████ ████████ █████ ██ ████████ ██████ ██ █████████████
Could be false. While we know that some genetic research projects are funded by corporations, we don’t know the breakdown of which projects lead to advances. Maybe all the advances in genetic research come from government-funded projects!
d
No ethical dilemmas █████████ ████ ████████ ██ ███████ ████████ █████ ███████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ████████
Must be true. All genetic research is funded by corporations or the government, so any advances in such research come from work funded by one of these sources. Therefore, ethical dilemmas arising from these advances can’t have come to be without government or corporate funding.
e
As long as ██████████ █████████ ██ ████ ███████ █████████ ████ ████████ ████ ████ ████ ██ ███████ █████████
Could be false. Maybe no research funded by the government in the future will lead to advances (for all we know, none ever has!) or maybe the advances the research does lead to will be among the small group that don’t give rise to ethical dilemmas.