Self-study
We already knew from thorough investigation that immediately prior to the accident, Support either the driver of the first vehicle changed lanes without signaling or the driver of the second vehicle was driving with excessive speed. ██████ ██ █████ ███████ █████ ████ █ ██████ ██████ ███ ███ █████████ █████████ ███ ███████ ████████ ███ ██████ ████ ███ █████ █████████ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ███ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ████ ███████ ██████ ██ ██████ ███████ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ ███ █████████
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that the driver of the second vehicle isn’t liable for the accident. This is because one of the two drivers involved certainly broke the rules of the road. And further, the first vehicle didn’t signal before changing lanes, which is sufficient to make that driver liable for the accident.
Notable Assumptions
The author assumes that if one driver is liable, then the other is not liable; in other words, that the two drivers can't both be liable. This includes assuming that the second vehicle wasn’t being driven in excess of the speed limit, which is also sufficient for liability.
2.
Which one of the following █████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ████ ██ ██████████ ███ ██████████ █████ ██████
a
whether the second ███████ ███ █████ ██████ ██ █████████ █████
If the second vehicle was being driven too fast, that would be sufficient for liability, undermining the conclusion. If the second vehicle wasn’t being driven too fast, then the conclusion stands.
b
whether the driver ██ ███ █████ ███████ ████ ████ ███ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ██
As far as we know, intent doesn’t matter here, so the first driver's knowledge isn't relevant to the argument.
c
whether any other ████████ ████ ████████ ██ ███ ████████
The conclusion is about whether the second driver can possibly be liable for the accident. As far as we know, other vehicles are irrelevant to that question.
d
whether the driver ██ ███ █████ ███████ ███ █ ████████ ███████
The argument doesn't rely on the first driver's testimony as a witness, so the first driver's reliability doesn't make a difference.
e
whether the driver ██ ███ ██████ ███████ █████ ████ ████ ███ ████ ██████ ████████ ███ ██ ████ ██
We don’t care about what would’ve happened if the turn signal had been on. The argument is just concerned with what happened; what could have happened doesn't make a difference.