Self-study
P1
While courts have long allowed custom-made medical illustrations depicting personal injury to be presented as evidence in legal cases, the issue of whether they have a legitimate place in the courtroom is surrounded by ongoing debate and misinformation. ███
Intro to Issue ·
Should custom medical illustrations be allowed in the courtroom?
Opponents ·
Custom illustrations unnecessary
Medical textbooks are adequate for most types of injuries. Only for the most unusual injuries should custom medical illustrations be allowed.
P2
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Opponents ·
Custom illustrations misrepresent facts
Even some lawyers believe that custom illustrations can be distorted to bolster a weak case.
Author's Critique ·
of misrepresentation argument
Medical experts must testify in court to the illustrations' accuracy.
P3
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Opponents ·
Custom illustrations may subtly distort issues
Author's Critique ·
of subtly distort issues argument
Custom illustrations don’t distort. They just emphasize relevant details and leave out the kinds of irrelevant details that clutter up textbook illustrations.
P4
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Author’s Main Point ·
Custom illustrations have high value
X-rays; tomography scans; medical reports; expert testimony; etc. can be challenging for jurors to understand. Custom illustrations turn that data into visuals which can be clarifying.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
10.
Based on the passage, which ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ██████ ██ ███████ █████ █████████████ ██ ███████ ██████████
a
They tend to ████ ████ ██ ███ ███ ██ █████ ████ ██ ███████████ ███████ ██████████████
Unsupported comparison. Custom illustrations
b
They are inadmissible ██ █ █████████ ██████ █ ███████ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ █████ █████████
Unsupported. Custom illustrations are inadmissible without expert testimony, but that doesn't imply that textbook illustrations are also inadmissible without expert testimony. The author never discusses the admissibility of textbook illustrations.
c
They are in ████ █████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ███████████ ███ ████ ███████████ ███████ █████████████ ███ █████████ ████
Unsupported. The author never suggests that any given illustration might share the same creator as another. She doesn’t bring up the identities of textbook illustrators at all, and she only touches on the makers of custom illustrations very briefly: once in P2 to acknowledge that unscrupulous illustrators might exist, and once in P3 to note that professional illustrators strive for objective accuracy.
d
They are believed ██ ████ ███████ ██ ██ ████ █████ ████ ███████████ ███████ █████████████ ██ ████████████ ███ ██████ ██ █ ████████ ███████
Two problems. The author says
e
In many cases ████ ███ ████ ███ ██ ███████ ██████ ████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ██████████████
Strongly supported. The author implies in P3 that the complex details in textbook illustrations can risk