PT132.S1.P2.Q10 > Analytics

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While courts have long allowed custom-made medical illustrations depicting personal injury to be presented as evidence in legal cases, the issue of whether they have a legitimate place in the courtroom is surrounded by ongoing debate and misinformation. ███

Intro to Issue · Should custom medical illustrations be allowed in the courtroom?

Opponents · Custom illustrations unnecessary

Medical textbooks are adequate for most types of injuries. Only for the most unusual injuries should custom medical illustrations be allowed.

Opponents · Custom illustrations misrepresent facts

Even some lawyers believe that custom illustrations can be distorted to bolster a weak case.

Author's Critique · of misrepresentation argument

Medical experts must testify in court to the illustrations' accuracy.

Opponents · Custom illustrations may subtly distort issues

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Author's Critique · of subtly distort issues argument

Custom illustrations don’t distort. They just emphasize relevant details and leave out the kinds of irrelevant details that clutter up textbook illustrations.

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Author’s Main Point · Custom illustrations have high value

X-rays; tomography scans; medical reports; expert testimony; etc. can be challenging for jurors to understand. Custom illustrations turn that data into visuals which can be clarifying.

Passage Style

Critique or debate

10.

Based on the passage, which ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ██████ ██ ███████ █████ █████████████ ██ ███████ ██████████

Question Type

Author’s perspective

Implied

The author discusses textbook illustrations in P1 and P3, though she only shares her perspective on them in P3, where she notes that they can include unnecessary details that aren’t relevant to a given legal case.

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Unsupported comparison. Custom illustrations sometimes avoid the use of color, but the author doesn’t address whether, or to what extent, textbook illustrations use color.

They are inadmissible ██ █ █████████ ██████ █ ███████ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ █████ █████████

Unsupported. Custom illustrations are inadmissible without expert testimony, but that doesn't imply that textbook illustrations are also inadmissible without expert testimony. The author never discusses the admissibility of textbook illustrations.

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Unsupported. The author never suggests that any given illustration might share the same creator as another. She doesn’t bring up the identities of textbook illustrators at all, and she only touches on the makers of custom illustrations very briefly: once in P2 to acknowledge that unscrupulous illustrators might exist, and once in P3 to note that professional illustrators strive for objective accuracy.

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Two problems. The author says some lawyers believe that custom illustrations can misrepresent the facts. First off, “some” doesn’t imply “most.” Second, (D) makes a comparison with textbook illustrations, but the author doesn’t tell us what any lawyers think about textbook illustrations—are those illustrations more or less prone to misrepresenting the facts, according to lawyers? The author doesn’t say.

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Strongly supported. The author implies in P3 that the complex details in textbook illustrations can risk confusing their audience (i.e., jurors) because they contain unnecessary details, whereas custom illustrations avoid those unnecessary details.

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PrepTest 132 - Section 1 - Passage 2 - Question 10

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