Self-study
Conclusion When teaching art students about the use of color, teachers should use colored paper rather than paint in their demonstrations. ███████ █████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ██ ███████ ███████ █ ████████ ███ ██ ███████ ███ ████ █████ ██ █████████ █████████████ █████ ██████ ███ █ ███████ ██████████ ██ ████ ███████ ██████ ██ ███████ █████████ ████ ██████ ████████ ██ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ███ ████ █████ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ████████ ██ ███ ███████ █████ ███ █████████ ████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ███████
Summary
The author concludes that when teaching art students about the use of color, teachers should use colored paper rather than paint in demonstrations.
Why?
Colored paper easily permits repeated use of the same color in different compositions, which allows students to compare the precise impact of a color in different contexts.
Unlike colored paper, paint does not easily permit repeated use of the same color, because it’s hard to mix the exact same color twice. Also, the textures of paint can interfere with the effect of the paint’s color.
Notable Assumptions
Notice that the conclusion recommends that art teachers “should” do something. But the premises don’t provide us with any way to say that the teachers “should” do anything. The premises simply describe the fact that colored paper allows for something that paint does not. To get from that description to the conclusion, the author must assume that when teaching art students about the use of color, it’s important to help students get a precise comparison of a color’s impact in varying contexts.
20.
Which one of the following ██ ██ ██████████ ████████ ██ ███ █████████
a
Two pieces of █████ ██ ███████ ███ ████ █████ ████ ████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ █ █████ ████████ ████ ██ ████ ███ ██ █████████ █████████
Not necessary, because even if differently-textured paper can lead to different effects of the same color, we have no reason to think that teachers can’t just use paper with the same texture so as to study the pure effect of the color itself.
b
A slight difference ██ ███ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ██████ ████ █ ███████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ██████
Not necessary, because the author’s reasoning isn’t based on the comparative difficulty of noticing slight differences in color. The reasoning is based on the fact that with paper, it’s easier to use the exact same color; but with paint, it’s more difficult.
c
Changing light conditions ████ ████ ██ ██ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ██ █ █████ ██ █████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ██████
Not necessary, because the author never compares the effects of light conditions on colored paper to the effects of light conditions on colored paint. In any case, even if the light conditions have a greater effect on the colored paper, students can still study the impact of color in different lighting contexts. That possibility doesn’t undermine the argument.
d
Observing the impacts ██ ██████ ██████ ███████ ████████ █████ ████████ ██ █████ █████ ███ ███ ██ ██████
Necessary, because if it were not true — if observing the impacts of colors across varying contexts does NOT help students learn about the use of color — then the difference the author points to between colored paper and paint doesn’t provide a reason that teachers should use colored paper to teach about color. The author must assume that that difference is something that matters; that it’s desirable to have what colored paper allows if one is learning about color. If observing color in different contexts isn’t helpful for learning about color, then why should we try to use colored paper?
e
It is important ████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ █████ ███████ █████ ██ ███████ ████████████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ █████ █████ ██ █████ █████████████
Not necessary, because the argument concerns what’s helpful for students learning about the use of color. So the point of bringing up paper and paint was to comment on how those mediums relate to color and what students can learn about color. But the different effects on composition from paper and paint is a separate issue.