The referenced text doesn't describe a problem. The author never characterizes the need for data about several societies as a problem or something to be solved. In addition, the author never claims that social scientists have a need for certainty.

The referenced text is a conclusion. We know this because the author follows by stating, "for example." That means we are getting an example to support the reference text.

Although the author does present an example, the example doesn’t demonstrate that there **is** a causal relationship between political structures and environmental conditions. Rather, the example shows why one needs data from several societies if one wants to provide causal explanations of cultural phenomena.

The author doesn’t present the referenced text as a dilemma; she doesn't suggest that there's a problem or difficulty in determining cause and effect. She merely asserts what is required to explain the causes of cultural phenomena; there's no reason to characterize this requirement as a dilemma or difficulty.

The referenced text is the conclusion. The justification is the example about what's required to show that a given political structure is caused only by certain ecological or climatic factors.