Self-study
Although most builders do not consider the experimental building material papercrete to be a promising material for large-scale construction, Support those who regularly work with it, primarily on small-scale projects, think otherwise. █████ █████ ███ █████████ ███ ██████████ ███ ████████ ████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ██ ██████ ████ ██████████ ██ ██████ █████████ ███ ███████████ █████████████
Summarize Argument
Contrary to the opinion of most builders, the author concludes that it’s likely papercrete is promising for large-scale construction. This is because those who regularly work with papercrete think it’s promising, and those people are familiar with the properties of the material.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author cites to the familarity with papercrete properties among those who regularly work with papercrete. This familiarity is why the author favors their opinion over most builders. But this assumes that most builders do not have familarity with papercrete properties. If they do, then familiarity with papercrete is no longer a basis to give weight to one opinion over the other.
13.
The argument is most vulnerable ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██
a
confuses what is █████████ ███ ███████████ ████████████ ████ ████ ██ █████████ ███ ███████████ ████████████
The author doesn’t assume that what’s promising for small-scale must also be promising for large-scale. He relies on the opinion of those who regularly work with papercrete. Also, we don’t know that papercrete actually is promising for small-scale.
b
presumes that what ███ ████████ ██ ████████ ██████ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ████ ██ █████████
Most builders don’t consider papercrete promising for large-scale construction. So the author is actually going against majority opinion.
c
equivocates between two █████████ ████████ ██ ███ ████ ███████████
There’s no indication “promising” means two different things in the argument. “Promising” uses the ordinary dictionary definition for this context (definition = showing signs of future success).
d
does not consider ███ █████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ████ ███ ████ ██████████ ███████ ████ ███ ████████
If we assume those who use papercrete regularly have the most experience, the author does consider their views. If we don’t know whether they have the most experience, then (D) is inaccurate because we don’t know whether the author ignored the views of the most experienced.
e
fails to consider ████ ████ ████████ █████ ███ █████████ ███ ██████████ █████████ ███████ ████ ███ ████████ ████ ███ ██████████
(E) points out that the builders who don’t think papercrete is promising might be familiar with papercrete’s properties. So, pointing to the familiarity of those who do think papercrete is promising is no longer a reason to rely on their opinion over the opinion of most builders.