Self-study
One should apologize only to a person one has wronged, and only for having wronged that person. ██ █████████ █████████ ██ ██ ███████████ ████ ███ ███ █████ ███████████ ███ ██████ █████████ █████████ ██████ ███ ███████ ███ ██ ██████ ████ ████████ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ███████ █████████ ██ ██ ███████████ █ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ███ ██ ████ █ ██████ ███████ ███ ██████████
Summary
Apologizing requires only apologizing to a person one has wronged and only for having wronged that person. Sincerely apologizing requires acknowledging one has acted wrongfully and intending not to repeat the act. Accepting an apology sincerely requires acknowledging a wrongful act and vowing not to hold a grudge against the wrongdoer.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
A sincerely offered and a sincerely accepted apology both require acknowledging a wrongful act.
12.
The statements above, if true, ████ ████████ ███████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
If one apologizes ███ ████████████ ███████ ███ ████████ ███ ███ █████ ███ ███ ███████████ ████ ███ ███ ███ ██████████ ██████████
This answer is unsupported. We don’t know what conditions are triggered whenever a person repeats a wrongful act.
b
One cannot sincerely ██████ ██ ███████ ████ ███ ███ █████████ ████████
This answer is unsupported. Sincerely offering and sincerely accepting an apology are independent from each other in the stimulus.
c
If one commits █ ████████ ████ ████ ███ ██████ █████████ █████████ ███ ████ ████
This answer is unsupported. We don’t know what conditions are triggered whenever a person commits a wrongful act.
d
An apology that ██████ ██ █████████ ████████ ██████ ██ █████████ ████████
This answer is unsupported. Sincerely offering and sincerely accepting an apology are independent from each other in the stimulus.
e
An apology cannot ██ ████ █████████ ███████ ███ █████████ ████████ ██████ ████ ██████ ████████████ ████ █ ████████ ███ ███ █████████
This answer is strongly supported. Acknowledging a wrongful act has occurred is a necessary condition for both sincerely offering and sincerely accepting an apology.