PT142.S1.Q12

SECTION 1 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 2 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 3 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8

PASSAGE 2
Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16

PASSAGE 3
Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21

PASSAGE 4
Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

SECTION 4 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

PrepTest 142 - Section 1 - Question 12

Question

Explanation

Analytics

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Archaeologists are discovering a great deal about the Sals culture. ███ ████████ ██████ ███████████ ████ █████████ ████████ ████████ ███ █████ ██ ███████ ██████ ███ ███████ █████ ████ ████████ ████ █████ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ███ ████ ███ █████ █████ ███ ████ ███ ███ █████ █████

Summary

The author concludes that the Sals did not smelt iron. This is based on the fact that the Sals did not have any distinct words for iron.

Missing Connection

The premise establishes that Sals didn’t have distinct words for iron. Does that guarantee that the Sals did not smelt iron? No. What does lacking a distinct word for a thing have to do with smelting the thing? To make the argument valid, we want to form a link to get from the premise to the conclusion:

If the Sals didn’t have a distinct word for a thing, then the Sals did not smelt the thing.

Another way to phrase the relationship we’re looking for:

If the Sals smelted the thing, then they had a distinct word for the thing.

Analysis by Kevin_Lin

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12.

The conclusion drawn above follows █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████

If a culture ███ █ ████████ ████ ███ █ ██████ ████ ██ ███████ ████ ██████

(A) can be used to reach a conclusion that a culture DID smelt a metal. But we’re trying to prove that the Sals did NOT smelt a metal. (A) reverses what would have been a correct answer.

If a culture ███ ██████████ ████ █ ██████ ████ ██ ███ ███ ████ █ ████████ ████ ███ ████ ██████

(B) allows us to reach a conclusion that a culture did not have a distinct word for a metal. But we’re trying to prove that a culture did not smelt a metal. (B) doesn’t establish that the Sals didn’t smelt a metal.

If a culture ███████ ██████ ███ ███████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ███ ██████ ███ ███████

The conclusion is that the Sals did not smelt iron. (C) concerns only copper and bronze. It doesn’t establish that the Sals did not smelt iron.

If a culture ███ ███ █████ █ ██████ ████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████ ████ ██████

We’re trying to prove that the Sals did not smelt metal. (D) tells us what we can conclude IF we start off knowing that a culture not smelt a metal. But (D) doesn’t allow us to reach the conclusion that a culture did not smelt a metal.

If a culture ███████ █ ██████ ████ ██ ███ █ ████████ ████ ███ ████ ██████

We know that the Sals did not have a distinct word for iron. (E) asserts that having a distinct word for a metal was necessary in order for a culture to have smelted that metal. So (E), in connection with the premise, establishes that the Sals did not smelt iron.

Difficulty

Question

83% of people who answer get this correct

This is a moderately difficult question.

CURVE

Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right

25% 140

149

75% 157

Analysis

Question Stem Tags

Sufficient assumption

Stems that ask us to provide an additional piece of information that, if true, would make the argument in the stimulus completely valid.

Stimulus Tags

Link assumption

Arguments that feature an unjustified shift from one concept to another, which don't fit neatly into other common flaw categories (e.g. moving from premises about "houses" to a conclusion about "dwellings").

Answer Popularity

Popularity Avg. score

11%

157

155

152

83%

165

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