Self-study
P1
Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. ███
Intro topic ·
Wampum was a form of communication among Haudenosaune
Wampum = bead carved from seashell; Haudenosaune = group of Native American nations in North America also called Iroquois
Traditional perspective ·
Wampum was primarily form of money
Author's perspective ·
Wampum eventually was used as money between Europeans and Native Americans, but it was more important for communication of sociopolitical messages
P2
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Earlier forms of Wampum ·
Used for communication with deities or simple political messages
Two colors: white and deep purple. Two forms: loose beads or string of beads.
P3
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Haudenosaune Confederacy and influence on Wampum ·
Formation of confederacy led to deliberate use of Wampum for primarily political purposes
Wampum belts ·
Combined string wampum to make icons that communicated messages
Example uses: encoded provisions of Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution; recorded, stored, and made public record of government business.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Spotlight
16.
The last paragraph of the ███████ ██████ █████████ ██
a
detail how wampum █████ ███████ ████ █████ █████ ██ ██████
The purpose isn’t to show how wampum belts evolved from other wampum. Although the author does describe how wampum belts formed from a combination of string wampum, the author isn’t trying to show the reader how wampum belts evolved. The author’s purpose is to show how wampum came to be used for sociopolitical messages.
b
distinguish between wampum █████ ███ ████ ███████ █████ ██ ██████ ██████
The purpose isn’t to show the differences between wampum belts and string wampum. Although the author does describe wampum belts in P3 and notes that they are formed out of string wampum, the author isn’t trying to show the reader how wampum belts are different from string wampum. The author’s purpose is to show how wampum came to be used for sociopolitical messages.
c
illustrate how wampum ██████████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ████████ ██████████████
This best captures the purpose of P3, which is to describe the later stage of wampum development, when wampum came to be used for sociopolitical messages. Wampum’s use as a system of symbols is another way to describe the idea that wampum were used to convey sociopolitical messages.
d
outline the Haudenosaune █████████████ ████████████ ██ ██ ███ ███████ █████ ██████
We don’t get any details of the constitution. Although P3 tells us that the constitution was encoded in wampum, we don’t get an outline of anything in the constitution. In any case, even if P3 did outline the constitution, the purpose of P3 isn’t to present any details of the constitution. It’s to show the final stage of wampum development, when wampum came to be used for sociopolitical messages.
e
give evidence of ████████ █████████████ ██ █ █████ ██ ████████ ██████████ ████ ███ ███ ██ ███ ████████████ ███████████
The author doesn’t indicate that wampum “ensured” compliance with the law of the Confederacy. We don’t know how often people broke Confederacy law.