Self-study
P1
Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. ███
Intro topic ·
Wampum was a form of communication among Haudenosaune
Wampum = bead carved from seashell; Haudenosaune = group of Native American nations in North America also called Iroquois
Traditional perspective ·
Wampum was primarily form of money
Author's perspective ·
Wampum eventually was used as money between Europeans and Native Americans, but it was more important for communication of sociopolitical messages
P2
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Earlier forms of Wampum ·
Used for communication with deities or simple political messages
Two colors: white and deep purple. Two forms: loose beads or string of beads.
P3
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Haudenosaune Confederacy and influence on Wampum ·
Formation of confederacy led to deliberate use of Wampum for primarily political purposes
Wampum belts ·
Combined string wampum to make icons that communicated messages
Example uses: encoded provisions of Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution; recorded, stored, and made public record of government business.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Spotlight
18.
The passage provides the most ███████ ███ █████████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
Wampum was probably ████ ██ ████████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ████████ ████████ ████ ██████ ███ ████████████ ███ ███████ ████ ██████████
We have no evidence wampum were used as medium of exchange before contact with Europeans.
b
The formation of ███ ████████████ ███████████ ██████ ███ █ ████ ███████ ██████ ██ █████████████ ████ ██████ ██ ████ █████ ████ ███ █████████
c
Once wampum came ██ ██ ████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ████ ██████████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ███████████ ███ ██ ██ ██████████ █████ █████ ███████ ██ ███████████████
We have no evidence the constitution had to be recodified using means other than wampum.
d
Prior to Haudenosaune ███████ ████ ██████████ ██████ ██████ █████████ ██ █ █████ ██ ████████████ ████████ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ████████████
We have no evidence of the primary use of wampum prior to Haudenosaune contact with Europeans. We know wampum was used for simple political messages, but we don’t know whether the primary use was “official” edicts/policies.
e
As belt wampum ██████████ ██████ ██████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ██████████████ ██████ █████ ████████ ███████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ██ █████████ ████████ ██████
We have no evidence of any change in the shadings of wampum beads.