Self-paced
Support A person's personality is linked to that person's genes. ███ █████ █ ████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ████ █ ████████ ███████████ ███████ █████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ █████
Method of Reasoning
The author states that A (personality) is linked to B (genes), and reasons that since B doesn’t change over time, A doesn’t either.
Identify and Describe Flaw
A flaw here is that the author assumes there is nothing else that might impact personality and cause it to change. Just because personality is linked to genes doesn’t mean that the environment you grow up in, for example, can’t also cause personality to change.
The parallel flaw answer choice will have some A that is linked to B, and reason that since B doesn’t change, A doesn’t either.
5.
Which one of the following ██ ████ ███████ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████
a
The way historians ██████████ ███ █████ █████ ███ ██ ███████ ██ ████ ████████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ████ ████████ ████████ ██ ████ ███ ██████ ███████ ██████████ ███████████ █████████████ ██ ███ ███ ██████ ███████
(A) says that A (the way historians understand the war) is linked to B (what actually happened). (A) then reasons that since B can’t change, A can’t either. This is the same reasoning used in the stimulus, and it has the same flaw. It assumes that there is nothing beyond what actually happened that can change the way historians understand the war.
b
Market forces are ██ ████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ████████████ ████████ ██████ █ ██████ ██ ███ ████████████ ████████ █████ ██████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ███ ████████
(B) is a valid argument. If A (market forces) is influenced by B (governmental actions), then a change in B might result in a change in A.
c
It is well █████ ████ ████ ████████ ████ ███████ ███████ ██████████ ██ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ███████ ████ ████████ ██ ████████████ ███ █████ ████ █████ █████
(C) says that A (some diseases) are caused by B (genetics), and reasons that it should be possible to prevent A by changing B. (C) doesn’t say, like the stimulus, that B can’t be changed and that thus A can’t be changed — in fact, it suggests that by changing B we should be able to change A.
d
Getting regular exercise ████ █ ████ ██████ ███████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ █████ ████████ ██████████ ███████ ███████ ████████ ████ █ █████ ██████ ███████████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ █████ ████████
(D) doesn’t have a factor that remains unchanged.
e
The levels of ███████ ████████ ███████ ████ ████████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ███ █ ████ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ████████ ████ ██ ████████ ██ █████
(E) doesn’t have a factor that remains unchanged.