Self-study
Sociologist: Television, telephones, and other electronic media encourage imprecise, uncritical thinking. ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ███ ████ ████████ ██████████ ███████ █████████ ███████████ ███ ████ ██ ███████ ██████ ██ ██████████ ███████████ ██████ ████████ ██ ██ █████████ ███████████ ██ ████████
Summary
Television, telephones, and other electronic media encourage uncritical thinking. However, critical thinking is necessary to protect against political demagogues.
Notable Valid Inferences
On a Must Be False question, the four wrong answers will be statements that could be true. The correct answer will contradict what we know from the stimulus.
20.
If the sociologist's statements are █████ ████ ████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████ █████ ██ ████ ███████
a
There are no █████████ ██████████ ██ ████ ██████ █████████████ ██████████
Could be true. It's possible some societies don't have any political demagogues. The stimulus tells us that critical thinking is necessary for protection against political demagogues, but that doesn't imply that highly technological societies must have political demagogues.
b
Political demagogues are ███ ███ ████ ████ ███ ████ ██ ███████ ██████ ██ ██████████ ███████████ ██████ ████████ ██ ██ █████████ ███████████ ██ ████████
Could be true. The stimulus does not indicate that political demagogues are the only ones who seek to exploit people. It is possible that there are others in addition to political demagogues with the same or similar objectives.
c
Highly emotional people ███ ████ ██████ █████████ ████ ████ █████████ ███████
Could be true. The stimulus does not give us any information about what kinds of people are more easily exploited. It is possible highly emotional people are more easily exploited than less emotional people.
d
The mere presence ██ ██ ███████ ██████ ██ ██████████ ██ █ ███████ ████████ ████████ ██████████ ███████ █████████ ███████████
Must be false. The stimulus tells us that critical thinking is the only adequate protection against political demagogues. In other words, critical thinking is necessary for adequate protection against political demagogues. So it's impossible for the mere presence of an orderly system of government to provide adequate protection against political demagogues.
e
The mere presence ██ ██████████ ██████████████ ██████████ ██ █ ███████ ████████ ████████ ██████████ ███████ ███ ███████ ██ █████ █████████
Could be true. The stimulus tells us what's required for protection against political demagogues. We don't know anything about adequate protection against erosion of media freedoms.