Self-study
The government health service has said that it definitely will not pay for patients to take the influenza medicine Antinfia until the drug's manufacturer, PharmCo, provides detailed information about Antinfia's cost-effectiveness. ███████ ███ █████████ ████ █████████ ████ ███████████ █████ ███████ ███████ ████████ ███████ █████ ██████ ██████ ██ █████████ █████ ███ ████ ██ ██ ██████████ ████████████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██████ ███████ ████ ███ █████████
Summary
The government will not pay for patients to take Antinfia until the manufacturer provides information about the drug’s cost-effectiveness. This information can only be obtained by performing massive clinical trials. The trials cannot be performed until the drug is in widespread circulation, which will happen only if the government pays for Antinfia.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Government pays → provide detailed info → massive clinical trails → widespread circulation → government pays
This chain is circular, and the stimulus says the government is not paying. You can run the contrapositive back and draw any valid inference along the chain. (no widespread circulation, no clinical trials, no detailed info)
17.
If the statements of both ███ ██████████ ██████ ███████ ███ ███████ ███ █████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ █████
a
The government health ███████ █████ ████ ███ ███ ████████ ██████ ████ ████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ██ ███████████████
This is too broad to support. The stimulus is purely focused on Antinfia, not “any medicine”
b
Antinfia will never ██ ██ ██████████ ████████████
The stimulus says that the drug will be in wide circulation only if the government pays. The government is refusing to pay. Thus, it will never be in wide circulation.
c
If the government ██████ ███████ ████ ███ ███ ███ █████████ ████ ████ ████████ ████ ███ ███ ████████ ███████████
The stimulus does not give any information about whether patients will pay out of pocket or not. You need to make some assumptions to make this work
d
The government health ███████ ██████ ███ ███ ████████ ██ ████ █████████
The stimulus does not say whether the government should/should not pay for Antinfia. It only explains what barriers the drug is facing to becoming widely available.
e
Antinfia is not ███████████████
The stimulus does not say whether Antinfia is/is not cost-effective. The stimulus only notes that the drug company cannot yet provide information about its cost-effectiveness.