Self-study
Martin: I have heard it argued that, because changes in diet and exercise rarely result in weight loss, doctors should stop advising their patients to eat less and exercise more. ███ ████ ██ ██ ██████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ █████ ███████ ████ █████████ ████ ██████ ████ ██ █████ ███████ ██ ████ ███ ████████ ████ ██████████ ███████ █████ ████ ██████ █████
Method of Reasoning
Martin concludes that a particular shortcoming (benefit of weight loss is rare) of an action (diet and exercise advice) is not enough to cease an action (doctors ceasing advice to eat less and exercise more), because there are other benefits to the action.
9.
Which one of the following ████████ ████ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████ ██ ████████ █████████
a
The fact that ████ ███ ██████ ███ ███ █ ████████ ██ ██ ██████ ███ ███ ██ █████ █████████████ ██ ███ █████████ █████ █████ ███████████ █████ ███ █ ██████ ██ ████████
Mismatched premise. (A) concludes that a potential failure/shortcoming (probably won’t win) is not enough to avoid an action (participating in marathon), like the stimulus, but the stimulus supports this by claiming that there are other benefits to the action, whereas (A) supports this by claiming that the failure (not winning) may not happen.
b
The fact that ███ █████████ █████ ███ █████ ███ ███████ ██ ██ ██████ ██ ████ █████ ████ █ ████████ █████ █████ ████ ███████████ ████████ ███ ███ ██████ █████████
This argument concludes that a particular failure (couldn’t solve the problem) is not enough to deem something (engineer’s work) a failure overall, because there are other benefits to that thing.
c
The fact that ███████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ █████ ███████ ██ ████ █ █████████ ██████ ██ ██ ██████ ███ ███ ██ ████ ███ █████ █████ █████████ ██████ █████████ ███████ ████ █████
Mismatched premise. (C) concludes that a particular failure (unsuccessful) is not enough to cease an action (gardening), like the stimulus, but the stimulus supports this by claiming that there are other benefits to the action, whereas (C) supports this by suggesting that the shortcoming will reverse with time.
d
The fact that ███ ████████████ ███████ ██ ███████ ████ ████ ████████ ██ ██ ██████ ██ ████ ███ █████ ███ █████████ ███████ ████ ████ █████ ████ ██ █████ ███ ████ ███████
Mismatched premise. (D) concludes that a particular shortcoming (costing more than expected) is not enough to cease an action (construction), like the stimulus, but the stimulus supports this by claiming that there are other benefits to the action, whereas (D) supports this by claiming that the shortcoming was anticipated as a possibility.
e
The fact that ███ █████████ ██████████ ███ ██ ████ █ ██████ █████████ █████ ██ ██ ██████ ██ █████████ ███ ██████████ ████ █████ ███████ ██ ████████ ██ ███████
Mismatched premise and conclusion. The stimulus establishes that an action (advice) usually fails to yield a certain desired outcome (weight loss). (E) is missing this failure.