Self-study
While Support it was once believed that the sort of psychotherapy appropriate for the treatment of neuroses caused by environmental factors is also appropriate for schizophrenia and other psychoses, it is now known that Support these latter, more serious forms of mental disturbance are best treated by biochemical—that is, medicinal—means. ████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ██████ █████████ ████ ███████ ██ ██ ████ █████████████ ███████ ███ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ████ ████ ██ ██████ ███████ ██████████ ████ ██ ████████ █████ █████████ ██ █████ ██████████████
The author concludes that psychoses have nothing to do with environmental factors and are caused only by organic conditions. She supports this by saying that neuroses that are caused by environmental factors are treated with therapy, but psychoses are more easily treated with medicine.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author believes that psychoses are caused by physical factors (or organic conditions) because they respond better to medicine, while neuroses, caused by environmental factors, are treated with therapy. She overlooks the possibility that both environmental and physical factors could contribute to psychoses, or that environmental factors could lead to the physical conditions that cause psychoses.
13.
The argument is vulnerable to █████████ ███████ ██ ███████ ███ ███████████ ████
a
the organic conditions ████ ██████ ██ █████████ ███ ██ ██████ ██ ███████████ ██ █████████████ ███████
The author ignores the possibility that environmental factors might cause or worsen the physical conditions that then result in psychoses. She assumes that psychoses “have nothing to do with environmental factors” and are caused only by physical factors.
b
the symptoms of ██████ ███████████ ██████ ██ ██████ ███████ ███████ ███ ██ ██████████ ████ ████████
The author doesn't ignore this possibility. She argues that psychoses, which she claims are caused by purely organic factors, are best treated with medicine.
c
organic illnesses that ███ ████████████████ ██ ██████ ███ ██ █████████ ███████ █████ ███████████ ███████
The author doesn’t discuss this, but it doesn’t weaken her argument because she’s only addressing psychological illnesses. The treatment of nonpsychological illnesses is irrelevant.
d
the nature of ███ ███████ █████████ ███ ██ ████████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ █████ ████ █████████
The author actually seems to assume that the nature of a medical condition can be inferred from the nature of its treatment. She draws a conclusion about the nature of psychoses based on the nature of their treatment. So, (D) doesn’t describe something that the other ignores.
e
organic factors having ██████ ██ ██ ████ █████ █████████ ███ ██ ██ █████ █████████ ███████████ ███ ████████
The author’s conclusion is about psychoses, not neuroses. She ignores the possibility that environmental factors may be at least partially responsible for psychoses.