Self-study
Public health expert: Until recently people believed that applications of biochemical research would eventually achieve complete victory over the microorganisms that cause human disease. ████████ ███████ ███████ ████████ █████ ████ █████ ██████████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ████ █████████ █████████ ███ ███████ ███ ███████ ████ ████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ █████████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ██████████ ███ ████ ████████ ██████ ██████ █████████ ██████████ █████ █████ ████ ████ ████████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ █████ █████████ ██████ █████ ███ ████████████ ██ ████████ ██████ ██ ███████████████ ████ █ ████ ██ ██████████ ███ █████████ ██ ████ █████████
Summarize Argument: Counter-Position
The most rational public health policy would shift more focus to preventing disease transmission. Why? Because medicine is being outpaced by the evolution of disease-causing microorganisms, and this nulls our previous plan to rely on medical research to combat disease.
Identify Conclusion
The conclusion advocates for a strategy shift: “The most rational public health strategy, therefore, would place much more emphasis than at present on fully informing people about the transmission of diseases caused by microorganisms, with a view to minimizing the incidence of such diseases.”
9.
Of the following, which one ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ██████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████ ███████
a
A medicine that █████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████████████ █████████████ ███ █████ ███ █████████ ██ █ ██████████████ ████████
This is premise. (A) supports that we need to take measures beyond medicine to fight disease (i.e. transmission prevention).
b
A patient who █████████ █ ███████ ██████ ██ ██████████████ ██████ ██ ███████████ █████ ██ ███████ ████████
The author doesn’t address this. She acknowledges that use of a particular medicine may lead to future failing of that medicine, but we don’t know whether that medicine is presently effective.
c
There is good ██████ ██ ████ █ ██████████ ██████ ██ ██████ ██████ ███████
This is a good rephrasing of the conclusion. The conclusion identifies the appeal of shifting the focus of public health policy to education that can minimize disease spread.
d
No one who ██ █████ ████████ █████ ███ ████████ ██████ ██ ██████████████ ████ ████ ████ ██████ ██ █████ █████████
Too strong. The author says that informing the public would be rational, she never says it’s foolproof. Also, the focus of the conclusion is on shifting public health strategy; even if (D) wasn’t too strong, it would be premise.
e
Some previous approaches ██ ██████ ██████ ██████ ███████ ███ ████ ████ ███████████████ ██████████████ █████████ ██ █ █████ █████
We don’t know if previous approaches ignored the reproduction. Also, the conclusion concerns future public health policy, not past.