Self-study
Advertisement: Anyone who thinks moisturizers are not important for beautiful skin should consider what happens to the earth, the skin of the world, in times of drought. ███████ ███████ █████████ ██ ████████ ███ ██████ ███████ █████ ███ ███████ ███ ███ ████ ██████████ █████ █████ ████ ████ █████ ████ ██████ ██ █████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████ ██ ███████ █████████ ██ ██████████ ███ ███████████████ ████████████
Summarize Argument
The advertisement concludes that the audience’s skin should be regularly moisturized. This is based on an analogy to the earth, which experiences cracking and the loss of its beauty when it is not regularly moisturized.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The advertisement’s flaw is that it uses a bad analogy: it draws a conclusion about one case based on another case that isn’t really relevantly analogous. There’s no reason to believe that a lack of moisturizing will cause the same effects for skin as for the earth, since skin doesn’t have the same material properties as the earth.
2.
The Dewyfresh advertisement exhibits which ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████ ██ ██████████
a
It treats something ████ ██ █████████ ███ ████████ █████ █ █████ ██ ███████ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ █████ ████ █████ ██ ████████
The advertisement doesn’t confuse necessary and sufficient conditions in its reasoning. It does treat a lack of moisture as sufficient to cause cracking and loss of beauty in the earth, but never confuses that for a necessary condition.
b
It treats the ████ ████ ███ ██████ █████████ █████ ████████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ██ █ ██████ █████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ████ █████
The advertisement just doesn’t claim that any two things that regularly occur together have a single shared cause. The only things that occur together here are lack of moisture and dryness, where one causes the other.
c
It overlooks the ████ ████ ████████ ████ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ███ ███████████ ██████ ████ ██ ███ █████
The advertisement doesn’t make any claims whatsoever about the relationship between what people think and what is actually true.
d
It relies on ███ █████████ ██ ███ ████ ███████████ █████ ███ █████████ ██████ █ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ████ ████████
The advertisement doesn’t rely on an ambiguous use of the term “infusion”. Both times “infusion” is used, it it used to mean that moisture is being provided—it’s consistent, not ambiguous.
e
It relies on ██ ███████ ███████ ███ ██████ ████ ███ ██████████████ █████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ████ ██ ██ █████ ███ ███ ██████████ ██ ██ ██████████
The advertisement relies on an analogy between the earth and skin to draw a conclusion about the consequences of not moisturizing skin. The earth just doesn’t have the relevant similarities to skin which would be needed for the conclusion to be supported.