Can someone help me with Q3? I don't get why Q3 first premise is pure heart -> lift, instead of the opposite. The video said that we assume there's an "all" in front of being, but how do we know it's not "only" instead of "all"? For me "only" also makes sense, too. And when I think about it, you need to be pure heart to lift it; if you're not, then you can't, that's why I wrote "pure heart" as the superset. If "pure heart" is the set, then doesn't that mean, if someone is "not pure heart", they will be able to lift it too?

If the exclusive or are not included in group 3 and shouldn't apply the same rule. Then how do we translate the "exclusive or" into Lawgic?

I didn't pick C because of "modern" and "most". I thought that "modern" doesn't weaken since animals evolved, so it's not a strong indicator for something that already exist. Did someone get tricked by this too and can explain why? Thanks :)

Can someone please help explain why C?

If we diagram the stimulus, it's:

• Corporate Discourage -> Government curtailed

Just like how we learn in the last lecture, an alternative hypothesis of this could be flipping the S and N, which will be:

• Government curtailed -> Corporations discourage

  • (meaning that it's simply because the government wants to cut the budget for alt energy, corporate start discouraging it. Note that it's unlike the "government downsize generally", here the government just wants to target the alt energy, which could be possible.)

But when we diagram C: ("the only" introduces S)

• Government curtailed -> Corporations discourage

  • Isn't this the same as the diagram for alt hypothesis? Wouldn't strengthening the alt hypothesis weaken the original stimulus? This is the reason why I didn't pick C.

How can we make the conclusion that some can kill 1/2 and have high ratio? I thought that when one condition is "most" and another is "some", we can't draw a conclusion since there might not be an overlap between the two?

About option D, why is it a S,N confusion? If we're dealing with group 4 Negate Necessary, I thought we can pick whichever condition to go to the S and N, the order doesn't matter as long as we negate N. So in this case couldn't we do Spring-> //Certificate which equals to S-> C?